Introduction | p. vii |
Planet Earth | |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Earth and the Solar System | p. 2 |
Earth's Rotation | p. 3 |
Fossils and Geological Time | p. 4 |
Human Origins, Human Change | p. 6 |
Earth's Structure | p. 8 |
Earth's Atmosphere | p. 10 |
The Oceans | p. 12 |
The Ocean Floor | p. 14 |
Continental Drift | p. 16 |
Volcanoes | p. 18 |
Earthquakes | p. 20 |
Building Mountains | p. 22 |
Building Rocks | p. 24 |
Ores and Gems | p. 26 |
Igneous Rock | p. 28 |
Metamorphic Rock | p. 29 |
Sedimentary Rock | p. 30 |
Erosion and Weathering | p. 32 |
Glaciers and Ice Sheets | p. 34 |
Climate | p. 36 |
Rain and Snow | p. 38 |
Clouds and Fog | p. 40 |
Weather Forecasting | p. 42 |
Winds, Storms, and Floods | p. 44 |
Maps and Mapping | p. 46 |
Facts and Figures | p. 48 |
Living Things | |
Introduction | p. 49 |
Life: Origins and Development | p. 50 |
Classification of Living Things | p. 52 |
Single-celled Organisms | p. 54 |
Fungi and Lichens | p. 55 |
Plant Anatomy | p. 56 |
Nonflowering Plants | p. 58 |
Flowering Plants | p. 59 |
Fruits and Seeds | p. 62 |
Trees | p. 64 |
Plants and People | p. 66 |
Biomes and Habitats | p. 68 |
Marine Invertebrates | p. 70 |
Mollusks | p. 71 |
Worms | p. 72 |
Crustaceans | p. 73 |
Spiders, Centipedes, and Scorpions | p. 74 |
Insects | p. 75 |
Fish | p. 78 |
Amphibians | p. 80 |
Reptiles | p. 82 |
Birds | p. 84 |
Mammals | p. 86 |
Animal Reproduction | p. 88 |
Animal Behavior | p. 90 |
Movement | p. 92 |
Migration | p. 93 |
Animal Partnerships | p. 94 |
Adaptation and Defense | p. 95 |
Facts and Figures | p. 96 |
Human Biology | |
Introduction | p. 97 |
Body Organization | p. 98 |
Skin, Hair, and Nails | p. 100 |
The Skeleton | p. 102 |
Bones and Joints | p. 104 |
Muscles and Movement | p. 106 |
The Brain and Nervous System | p. 108 |
Sleep and Dreams | p. 110 |
Communication | p. 111 |
Touch | p. 112 |
Taste and Smell | p. 113 |
Eyes and Seeing | p. 114 |
Ears, Hearing, and Balance | p. 116 |
Hormones | p. 118 |
The Heart and Circulation | p. 120 |
Blood | p. 122 |
Lymphatic System | p. 123 |
Lungs and Breathing | p. 124 |
Food and Nutrition | p. 126 |
Teeth | p. 127 |
Digestion | p. 128 |
Metabolism | p. 130 |
Waste Disposal | p. 131 |
Reproduction | p. 132 |
Growth and Development | p. 134 |
Genes and Chromosomes | p. 135 |
Bacteria and Viruses | p. 136 |
The Immune System | p. 137 |
Disease | p. 138 |
Exercise and Fitness | p. 139 |
Medicine | p. 140 |
Medical Technology | p. 142 |
Facts and Figures | p. 144 |
Chemistry and the Elements | |
Introduction | p. 145 |
The Origins of Chemistry | p. 146 |
The Elements | p. 148 |
Atoms | p. 150 |
The Periodic Table | p. 152 |
Chemical Analysis | p. 154 |
States of Matter | p. 156 |
Solutions | p. 158 |
Separation and Purification | p. 160 |
Chemical Reactions | p. 162 |
Chemical Compounds | p. 164 |
Bonding and Valency | p. 166 |
Solid Structures | p. 168 |
Carbon | p. 170 |
Nitrogen and Oxygen | p. 171 |
Air | p. 172 |
Water | p. 173 |
Organic Chemistry | p. 174 |
Catalysts | p. 176 |
Enzymes | p. 177 |
Oxidation and Reduction | p. 178 |
Hydrogen | p. 179 |
Noble Gases | p. 180 |
Sulfur | p. 181 |
The Halogens | p. 182 |
Metals | p. 183 |
Acids | p. 184 |
Bases and Alkalis | p. 185 |
Indicators and pH | p. 186 |
Soaps and Detergents | p. 187 |
Chemistry of Food | p. 188 |
Petrochemicals | p. 190 |
Facts and Figures | p. 192 |
Materials and Technology | |
Introduction | p. 193 |
Properties of Solids | p. 194 |
Properties of Metals | p. 196 |
Iron | p. 198 |
Copper | p. 199 |
Aluminum | p. 200 |
Precious Metals | p. 201 |
Alloys | p. 202 |
Shaping Materials | p. 204 |
Wood and Paper | p. 206 |
Fibers | p. 207 |
Glass | p. 208 |
Ceramics | p. 209 |
Oil and Refining | p. 210 |
Natural Gas | p. 212 |
Coal | p. 213 |
Rubber | p. 214 |
Polymers | p. 215 |
Plastics | p. 216 |
New Materials | p. 217 |
Adhesives | p. 218 |
Pigments and Dyes | p. 219 |
Brick, Stone, and Concrete | p. 220 |
Construction | p. 222 |
Gasoline and Diesel Engines | p. 224 |
Jet Engines and Gas Turbines | p. 226 |
Steam Engines | p. 227 |
Hydraulics and Pneumatics | p. 228 |
Food Production | p. 230 |
Food Processing | p. 232 |
Automation | p. 234 |
Robotics | p. 236 |
Technology Timeline | p. 238 |
Facts and Figures | p. 240 |
Light and Energy | |
Introduction | p. 241 |
Heat and Light from the Sun | p. 242 |
Radiation | p. 244 |
The Electromagnetic Spectrum | p. 246 |
Terrestrial Energy Sources | p. 248 |
Heat Transfer | p. 250 |
Heating and Cooling Systems | p. 252 |
Combustion | p. 254 |
Expansion and Contraction | p. 255 |
Kinetic Theory | p. 256 |
Changes of State | p. 257 |
Thermodynamics | p. 258 |
Light | p. 260 |
Reflection and Absorption | p. 262 |
Refraction | p. 264 |
Lenses and Curved Mirrors | p. 266 |
Microscopes | p. 268 |
Telescopes | p. 270 |
Color | p. 272 |
Color Mixing | p. 274 |
Vision | p. 276 |
Optical Illusions | p. 277 |
Photography and Film | p. 278 |
Sources of Light | p. 280 |
Light Energy | p. 282 |
The Speed of Light | p. 284 |
Polarization | p. 285 |
Lasers and Holograms | p. 286 |
Facts and Figures | p. 288 |
Forces and Movement | |
Introduction | p. 289 |
Force | p. 290 |
Potential and Kinetic Energy | p. 292 |
Work and Energy | p. 294 |
Momentum | p. 296 |
Relativity and Gravity | p. 298 |
Ramps and Wedges | p. 300 |
Levers and Pulleys | p. 301 |
Wheels and Axles | p. 302 |
Gears | p. 303 |
Complex Machines | p. 304 |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | p. 306 |
Friction | p. 308 |
Fluids | p. 310 |
Pressure | p. 311 |
Sound as Changes of Pressure | p. 312 |
Wave Motion | p. 314 |
Vibrations | p. 316 |
Resonance | p. 318 |
Vibrations of Strings | p. 320 |
Vibrations in Tubes | p. 321 |
Balance and Turning Forces | p. 322 |
Circular Motion | p. 324 |
Floating and Sinking | p. 326 |
Harnessing Sea Power | p. 328 |
Harnessing Wind Power | p. 330 |
Principles of Flight | p. 332 |
Supersonic Flight | p. 334 |
Facts and Figures | p. 336 |
Electricity and Electronics | |
Introduction | p. 337 |
Electricity | p. 338 |
Electrical Circuits | p. 340 |
Magnets and Magnetism | p. 342 |
Electromagnetism | p. 344 |
Generators and Motors | p. 346 |
Power Plants | p. 348 |
Renewable Energy Sources | p. 350 |
Electrical Power Distribution | p. 352 |
Storage of Electricity | p. 354 |
Electrochemistry | p. 356 |
Power Cells | p. 357 |
Electricity Through Gases | p. 358 |
Conductors | p. 360 |
Insulators | p. 362 |
Resistance | p. 363 |
Electrical Communication | p. 364 |
Telecommunications | p. 366 |
Sound Recording | p. 368 |
Television and Videotape | p. 370 |
Analog and Digital Systems | p. 372 |
Microprocessors | p. 374 |
Computers | p. 376 |
Computer Software Programs | p. 378 |
Information Technology | p. 380 |
Smart Technology | p. 382 |
Facts and Figures | p. 384 |
Space and Time | |
Introduction | p. 385 |
The Universe | p. 386 |
The Universe: origins and future | p. 388 |
Galaxies | p. 390 |
Stars | p. 392 |
The Sun | p. 394 |
Constellations | p. 396 |
The Solar System | p. 398 |
Earth and the Moon | p. 400 |
Eclipses | p. 402 |
Mercury | p. 403 |
Venus | p. 404 |
Mars | p. 405 |
Jupiter | p. 406 |
Saturn | p. 407 |
Uranus | p. 408 |
Neptune | p. 409 |
Pluto and the Minor Planets | p. 410 |
Comets | p. 412 |
Meteors and Meteorites | p. 413 |
Studying the Universe | p. 414 |
Astronomical Telescopes | p. 416 |
Exploring Space | p. 418 |
Rockets and the Space Shuttle | p. 420 |
Humans in Space | p. 422 |
Artificial Satellites | p. 424 |
Time | p. 426 |
Measuring Time | p. 428 |
Space, Time, and Relativity | p. 430 |
Timeline of Space Exploration | p. 430 |
Facts and Figures | p. 432 |
Conservation and the Environment | |
Introduction | p. 433 |
The Natural Balance | p. 434 |
Action Zones | p. 436 |
Saving the Rain Forests | p. 438 |
Ocean Life | p. 440 |
Why Species Die Out | p. 442 |
Endangered species | p. 444 |
Population Explosion | p. 446 |
Food and Farming | p. 448 |
City Living | p. 450 |
Water pollution | p. 452 |
Air pollution | p. 453 |
Waste and Recycling | p. 454 |
Resources | p. 456 |
Renewable Energy | p. 458 |
Climate Change | p. 460 |
Tourism and Heritage | p. 461 |
Conservation Action | p. 462 |
Facts and Figures | p. 464 |
Ready Reference | p. 465 |
Numbers and Units of Measurement | p. 466 |
Conversion Tables | p. 467 |
Geometric Shapes | p. 469 |
Famous Scientists | p. 470 |
Inventions and Discoveries | p. 472 |
Glossary | p. 474 |
Index | p. 476 |
Acknowledgments | p. 487 |
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