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Preface | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Controlled and Uncontrolled Separation of Parts: Cutting, Scraping and Spreading | |
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Fracture Mechanics and Friction: Muscles, Impact and New Surfaces | |
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Introduction | |
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Fracture Mechanics | |
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Friction in Cutting | |
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Muscles | |
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Impact Mechanics and Hammering | |
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Work of Formation of New Surfaces | |
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Simple Orthogonal Cutting of Floppy, Brittle and Ductile Materials | |
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Introduction | |
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Floppy Offcuts | |
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Different Types of Offcut Formation | |
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Brittle Offcuts | |
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Ductile Offcuts | |
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Offcut Formation by Shear | |
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Finite Element Simulations | |
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Cutting Through the Thickness of Ductile Sheets and Plates: Shearing and Cropping | |
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Types of Chip: Load Fluctuations, Scaling and Deformation Transitions | |
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Introduction | |
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Energy Scaling | |
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Variations in Depth of Cut and Rake Angle | |
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Cutting with a Built-up Edge | |
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Sawtooth Profile Chips | |
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Classification of Chips | |
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Wood | |
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Slice-Push Ratio: Oblique Cutting and Curved Blades, Scissors, Guillotining and Drilling | |
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Introduction | |
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Floppy Materials | |
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Offcut Formed in Shear by Oblique Tool | |
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Guillotining Edges | |
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Drills, Augers and Pencil Sharpeners | |
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Cutting with More Than One Edge: Scratching, Grinding, Abrasive Wear, Engraving and Sculpting | |
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Introduction | |
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Scratching of Low ER/k<sup>2</sup> Solids | |
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Scratching of High ER/k<sup>2</sup> Solids | |
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Grinding and Abrasive Papers | |
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Scratch Hardness/Scratch Resistance | |
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Scratching of Thin Films and Coatings: Pencil Hardness | |
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Erosion | |
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Definitions of the Coefficient of Friction | |
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Engraving, Writing Tablets and Polishing | |
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Sawing, Chisels and Files | |
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Introduction | |
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Knives and Chisels | |
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Saw Teeth | |
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Files | |
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Punching Holes: Piercing and Perforating, Arms and Armour | |
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Introduction | |
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Quasi-static Piercing with a Pointed Tool | |
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Quasi-static Circular Punching | |
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Hollow Punches | |
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Arms and Armour | |
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Penetration and Perforation of Armour | |
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Sharpness and Bluntness: Absolute or Relative? Tool Materials and Tool Wear | |
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Introduction | |
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Tool Materials | |
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Manufacture and Sharpening | |
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Geometry of the Cutting Edge | |
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Measurement of Sharpness | |
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Retention of Sharpness: Tool Wear and Machinability/Cuttability | |
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Effect of Bluntness and Clearance Face Rubbing on Cutting Forces, F<sub>C</sub> vs t Intercepts and Subsurface Deformation | |
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Cutting Edge Sharpness and Workpiece Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement | |
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Compensation for Bluntness | |
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Wiggly Crack Paths Produced by Very Blunt Edges | |
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Unrestrained and Restrained Workpieces: Dynamic Cutting | |
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Introduction | |
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Minimum Speed for Cutting Unrestrained Workpieces | |
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Comb Cutters | |
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Optimum Shape for a Curved Blade | |
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Cylinder Lawnmowers | |
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Rotary Mowers and Strimmers | |
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Cutting in Biology, Palaeontology and Medicine | |
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Introduction | |
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Biology | |
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Palaeontology | |
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Medicine | |
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Food and Food-Cutting Devices and Wire Cutting | |
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Introduction | |
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Properties | |
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Food Texture | |
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The Delicatessen Slicer | |
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Wire Cutting | |
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Teeth as Cutting Tools | |
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Introduction | |
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Jaws and Bite Force | |
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Occlusion and Contact Mechanics | |
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Sharpness and Wear of Teeth | |
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Attack and Defence | |
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Scaling | |
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Burrowing in Soils, Digging and Ploughing | |
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Properties of Soils | |
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Roots | |
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Earths, Sands and Burrows: Hole-making and Scraping by Animals | |
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Earthmoving and Ploughing | |
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Picks and Crampons | |
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Unintentional and Accidental Cutting: Supermarket Plastic Bags, Falling Objects, Ships Hitting Rocks and Aeroplanes Hitting Buildings | |
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Introduction | |
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Grounding and Collision of Ships: Diverging and Converging Tears | |
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Progressive Dynamic Fracture | |
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Accidents Involving Cables | |
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The Twin Towers | |
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Friction Forces on a Wedge-shaped Tool Cutting Orthogonally | |
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Friction in Cutting | |
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References | |
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Index | |