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Preface | |
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African Americans and Justice: An Introduction | |
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Explanations of Justice, Social Justice, and Economic Justice | |
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Attitudes of Whites about African Americans near the End of Slavery and After Slavery | |
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The Use of Law to Oppress African Americans | |
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Capricious Interpretation of Laws and Leadership: Role of the Court | |
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Justice in the Criminal Courts | |
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The Relevance of the Past to the Present | |
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African Americans and Higher Education | |
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Historical Review | |
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Race, Admission, and the Courts: Keeping African Americans Out, Part I | |
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The Creation of Affirmative Action | |
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Race, Admission, and the Courts: Discriminating against Whites or Keeping African Americans Out, Part II | |
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A Critique of the Critics of Affirmative Action in Education | |
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Lack of Focus on Affirmative Action for Whites | |
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African American Juveniles and the Justice System | |
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The Fallacy of Leniency toward Juveniles and Particularly African American Juveniles | |
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A More Contemporary Analysis of African American Juveniles in the Justice System | |
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African Americans, Maltreatment, and Law Enforcement | |
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Background of the Problem | |
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Excessive Force | |
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Racial Profiling, Stops, and Their Effects | |
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Consequences of Excessive Force and maltreatment | |
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African Americans and the Military | |
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African Americans' Participation in the Service during the Colonial Period | |
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African Americans in the Military Post-Civil War | |
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Violence against African American Soldiers: 1900s to World War II | |
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Current Controversies: African Americans' Deaths from Conflicts, the Return of the Draft, and Jessica Lynch and Shoshana Johnson | |
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Reflections and Analyses of African Americans in the Military Presently | |
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African Americans and Economic Discrimination | |
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Discrimination in the Acquisition of Real Property: Racially Restricted Covenants | |
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African Americans and the Taking of Property | |
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Violent Land Taking | |
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Coercive Land Taking | |
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"Legal" Land Taking | |
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Discrimination in Mortgage Lending | |
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Discrimination in Insurance | |
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Discrimination in Automobile Lending | |
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African Americans and Reparations | |
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Definition of Reparations and the Restitution Principle | |
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Contemporary Precedents for African Americans Receiving Reparations | |
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Arguments against and for Reparations for African Americans | |
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Philosophical Arguments against Reparations | |
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Philosophical Arguments in Support of Reparations | |
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Further Observations and Arguments Overlooked Regarding Reparations | |
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Attempts at Legal Redress for Descendants of African American Slaves in the Courts | |
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African Americans, Employment Discrimination, and Legal Justice | |
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Legal Standards for Employment Discrimination | |
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Illustrations of the Use of the McDonnell Douglas Standard | |
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Differential Outcomes in Discrimination Cases | |
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Differential Adoption of Statistics in Discrimination Cases | |
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African Americans and Justice: Summary and Conclusions | |
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References | |
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Index | |