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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Perplexing Problems in American Schooling | |
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| Schools in Crisis | |
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| The Need for Educational Sociology | |
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| Applying Sociological Theory to Education | |
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| The Development of American Schooling | |
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| Does Schooling Really Matter? | |
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| Previous Explanations for Unequal Achievement | |
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| Explaining Unequal Achievement | |
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| The Problem of Unequal Achievement | |
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| Employing Sociological Theory to Explain Unequal Achievement | |
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| Three Explanations of Unequal Achievement | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| The Role of Family | |
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| Explaining Unequal Achievement: The Family | |
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| The Importance of Family Background | |
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| The Concept of Cultural Capital | |
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| The Concept of Social Capital | |
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| Family Characteristics and Academic Achievement | |
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| Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement | |
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| The Role of the School | |
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| Exploring Unequal Achievement: Differences Between Schools | |
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| The Fundamental Belief in American Schooling | |
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| The Challenge to Excellence and Access | |
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| Differences Between Schools and Academic Achievement | |
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| Contextual Issues-School and Class Size, Racial and SES Context of the School, Single Gender Schools and Classes | |
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| Explaining Unequal Achievement: Within-School Differences | |
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| The Significance of Within-School Differences | |
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| Tracking: A Prime Factor in Unequal Achievement | |
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| Getting on Track: Is Achievement Related to Specific Track Structure? | |
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| Tracking Outcomes | |
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| The Legality of Tracking | |
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| Conclusions/Implications for Educational Policy | |
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| A Theoretical Synthesis | |
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| Explaining Unequal Achievement in School: A Theoretical Synthesis | |
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| Previous Explanations of Unequal Achievement | |
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| Toward a Theoretical Synthesis | |
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| The Social Construction of Reality | |
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| Labeling Theory | |
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| Teacher Expectations | |
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| The Process of Becoming an Underachiever | |
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| Conclusions and Discussion | |
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| Where Do We Go From Here? Discussion and Policy Implications | |
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| Solving the Problem of Unequal Achievement | |
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| What Can Schools Do? Effective Schools Research | |
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| What Can Families Do? | |
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| What Can Governments Do? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |