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| Abbreviations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Essential Background | |
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| Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins | |
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| The Nature of Amino Acids | |
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| Characteristics of Peptides | |
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| Structure of Proteins | |
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| Summary | |
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| Enzymes | |
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| Enzymes As Catalysts | |
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| Rates of Enzymatic Reactions | |
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| Provision of Reactive Groups by Cofactors | |
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| Classification of Enzymes | |
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| Oxidations and Reductions | |
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| Regulation of Enzyme Activity | |
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| Measurement of Enzyme Activity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Metabolism | |
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| Energy Systems and Bioenergetics | |
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| Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle | |
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| Energy-Rich Phosphates | |
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| Energy Systems | |
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| Bioenergetics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
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| Overview of Metabolism | |
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| Mitochondria | |
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| The Citric Acid Cycle | |
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| Electron Transfers | |
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| Coupled Phosphorylation | |
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| Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
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| Quantification of Redox Reactions | |
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| Oxidants and Antioxidants | |
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| Summary | |
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| Carbohydrate Metabolism | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Cellular Uptake of Glucose | |
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| Phosphorylation of Glucose | |
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| Glycolysis | |
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| Glycogen Metabolism | |
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| Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism | |
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| Lactate Metabolism | |
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| Oxidation of Cytoplasmic NADH | |
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| Gluconeogenesis | |
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| The Pentose Phosphate Pathway | |
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| Signaling Pathways | |
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| Summary | |
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| Lipid Metabolism | |
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| Types of Lipids | |
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| Fat Stores | |
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| Oxidation of Fatty Acids | |
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| Oxidation of Ketone Bodies | |
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| Synthesis of Fatty Acids | |
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| Fat As a Fuel for Exercise | |
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| Metabolism During Exercise: Fat Versus Carbohydrate | |
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| Adipose Tissue As an Endocrine Tissue | |
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| Cholesterol | |
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| Summary | |
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| Amino Acid Metabolism | |
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| Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism | |
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| Degradation of Amino Acids | |
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| The Urea Cycle | |
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| Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons | |
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| Amino Acid Metabolism During Exercise | |
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| Additional Roles for Amino Acids | |
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| Summary | |
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| Transcription, Protein Synthesis, and Degradation | |
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| Gene Transcription and Its Control | |
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| DNA | |
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| Types of RNA | |
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| The Genetic Code | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Regulation of Transcription | |
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| Summary | |
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| Protein Synthesis and Degradation | |
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| Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA | |
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| Translation | |
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| Regulation of Translation | |
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| Posttranslational Processing of Polypeptides | |
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| Protein Degradation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Answers to Review Questions | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |