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| Molecular Exercise Physiology | |
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| The Cell | |
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| Cellular Architecture | |
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| Exercise and the Cell | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cellular Life Span | |
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| Cell Cycle and Tissue Turnover | |
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| Cell Death | |
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| Effect of Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Cell Death | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Genes, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Exercise Phenotypes | |
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| Genes and Genome | |
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| Gene Expression | |
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| Regulation of Gene Expression | |
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| Exercise and Gene Expression | |
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| DNA Sequence Variation | |
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| Genetics and Responsiveness to Exercise Training | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Proteins and Exercise | |
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| Protein Synthesis | |
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| Protein Degradation | |
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| Exercise and Protein Metabolism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Extracellular Matrix and Exercise | |
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| Extracellular Matrices | |
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| Composition of the Interstitial Extracellular Matrix | |
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| Composition of Basement Membranes | |
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| Synthesis of Collagens | |
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| Degradation of Collagens | |
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| ECM of Skeletal Muscle | |
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| Muscle ECM and Physical Activity | |
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| Regulation of Intracellular Ion Composition and pH | |
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| Potassium | |
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| Intracellular pH Regulation | |
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| Magnesium | |
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| Inter- and Intracellular Signaling | |
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| Hormones and Receptors | |
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| Intracellular Signal Transduction | |
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| Energy Turnover and Substrate Utilization | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise | |
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| Recent Advances in the Regulation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Transport and Metabolism | |
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| Molecular Basis of Lactate Transport in Skeletal Muscle | |
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| Generation and Disposal of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species | |
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| Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Living Organisms | |
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| Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Exercise | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cellular Responses to Environmental Stress | |
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| Hyperthermia | |
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| Hypoxia | |
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| Exercise and the Cell | |
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| Exercise and the Cardiac Myocyte | |
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| Structure of the Cardiac Myocyte | |
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| Contractile Cycle and Excitation-Contraction Coupling | |
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| Adaptive Hypertrophy and Growth Signaling | |
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| Contractile Function and Calcium Handling | |
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| Exercise and Endothelium | |
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| Endothelium Cell Function | |
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| Effects of Physical Training on Vascular Reactivity | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Activity-Dependent Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle Fibers | |
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| The Multiplicity of Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms | |
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| Myofibrillar Protein Isoforms and Fiber Diversity | |
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| Metabolic Adaptations of Muscle Fibers to Altered Functional Demands | |
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| Fiber Type Transitions | |
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| Signaling Pathways Related to Fiber Type Transitions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercise and the Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cell | |
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| Airways | |
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| The Alveolar Epithelium | |
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| Exercise and the Liver Cell | |
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| Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism | |
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| Hepatic Lipid Metabolism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercise and the Adipocyte | |
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| The Adipocyte: Characteristics and Functions | |
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| Adipocyte Receptors and Exercise | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Erythrocytes | |
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| Red Cell Production | |
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| Principles of O2 Transport by the Hemoglobin Molecule | |
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| Principles of CO2 Transport in the Blood | |
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| Regulation of Red Cell Volume | |
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| Red Cell Influence on Circulation and Respiration | |
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| Erythrocyte and Radicals | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Leukocytes | |
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| Acute Exercise and Leukocytes | |
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| Mechanisms of Action | |
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| Chronic Exercise and Leukocyte Subpopulations | |
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| Exercise and Infections | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercise and the Brain | |
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| Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Humans and Prevents Age-Related Brain Atrophy | |
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| Animal Models to Study the Effects of Exercise on Brain Function | |
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| Exercise Up-Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor | |
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| Gene Microarray Analysis Reveals Other Genes That Are Regulated by Exercise | |
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| Exercise Enhancement of Learning and BDNF | |
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| Exercise and Depression | |
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| Definitive Role for BDNF in Human Cognition | |
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| CNS and Peripheral Regulatory Mechanisms of Exercise Effect on BDNF | |
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| Conclusion | |