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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Biomechanics Analysis Techniques: A Primer | |
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| What Tools Are Needed in Biomechanics? | |
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| Applications of the Principles of Biomechanics: An Example | |
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| Numerical Accuracy and Significant Digits | |
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| Summary | |
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| Kinematics | |
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| Planar Kinematics | |
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| Description of Position | |
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| Degrees of Freedom | |
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| Kinematic Data Collection | |
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| Linear Kinematics | |
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| Angular Kinematics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Three-Dimensional Kinematics | |
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| Scalars, Vectors, and Matrices | |
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| Collection of Three-Dimensional Data | |
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| Coordinate Systems | |
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| Marker Systems | |
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| Determination of the Local Coordinate System | |
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| Transformations Between Reference Systems | |
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| Joint Angles | |
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| Segment Angles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Kinetics | |
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| Body Segment Parameters | |
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| Methods for Measuring and Estimating Body Segment Parameters | |
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| Two-Dimensional (Planar) Computational Methods | |
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| Three-Dimensional (Spatial) Computational Methods | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Forces and Their Measurement | |
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| Force | |
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| Newton's Laws | |
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| Free-Body Diagrams | |
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| Types of Forces | |
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| Moment of Force, or Torque | |
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| Linear Impulse and Momentum | |
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| Angular Impulse and Momentum | |
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| Measurement of Force | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Two-Dimensional Inverse Dynamics | |
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| Planar Motion Analysis | |
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| Numerical Formulation | |
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| General Plane Motion | |
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| Method of Sections | |
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| Human Joint Kinetics | |
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| Applications | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Energy, Work, and Power | |
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| Energy, Work, and the Laws of Thermodynamics | |
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| Conservation of Mechanical Energy | |
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| Ergometry: Direct Methods | |
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| Ergometry: Indirect Methods | |
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| Mechanical Efficiency | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Three-Dimensional Kinetics | |
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| Laboratory Setup | |
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| Data Required for Three-Dimensional Analysis | |
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| Anthropometry | |
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| Sources of Error in Three-Dimensional Calculations | |
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| Three-Dimensional Kinetics Calculations | |
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| Presentation of the Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Additional Techniques | |
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| Electromyographic Kinesiology | |
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| Physiology of the Electromyographic Signal | |
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| Recording and Acquiring the Electromyographic Signal | |
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| Analyzing and Interpreting the Electromyographic Signal | |
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| Applications for Electromyographic Techniques | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Muscle Modeling | |
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| The Hill Muscle Model | |
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| Musculoskeletal Models | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Computer Simulation of Human Movement | |
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| Overview: Modeling As a Process | |
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| Why Simulate Human Movement? | |
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| General Procedure for Simulations | |
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| Free-Body Diagrams | |
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| Differential Equations | |
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| Model Derivation: Lagrange's Equation of Motion | |
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| Numerical Solution Techniques | |
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| Control Theory | |
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| Limitations of Computer Models | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Signal Processing | |
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| Characteristics of a Signal | |
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| Fourier Transform | |
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| Time-Dependent Fourier Transform | |
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| Sampling Theorem | |
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| Ensuring Circular Continuity | |
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| Smoothing Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| International System of Units (System International, SI) | |
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| Selected Factors for Converting Between Units of Measure | |
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| Basic Electronics | |
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| Vector Operations | |
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| Matrix Operations | |
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| Numerical Integration of Double Pendulum Equations | |
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| Derivation of Double Pendulum Equations | |
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| Discrete Fourier Transform Subroutine | |
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| Shannon's Reconstruction Subroutine | |
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| Example Answers | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Authors | |