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| Welcome to Chemistry in the Community | |
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| Preface | |
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| ChemCom Media | |
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| Water: Exploring Solutions | |
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| Sources and Uses of Water | |
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| Town in Crisis | |
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| Water, Water Everywhere | |
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| Making Decisions Uses of Water | |
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| Investigating Matter Foul Water | |
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| Water Supply and Demand | |
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| Developing Skills Water Use in the United States | |
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| Where is the World's Water? | |
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| Making Decisions Water-Use Analysis | |
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| Making Decisions Riverwood Water Use | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Looking at Water and its Contaminants | |
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| Physical Properties of Water | |
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| Developing Skills Density | |
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| Mixtures and Solutions | |
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| Particulate View of Water | |
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| Modeling Matter Pictures in the Mind | |
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| Symbols, Formulas, and Equations | |
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| Developing Skills Symbols, Formulas, and Equations | |
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| The Electrical Nature of Matter | |
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| Ions and Ionic Compounds | |
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| Developing Skills Ionic Compounds | |
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| Investigating Matter Water Testing | |
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| Pure and Impure Water | |
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| Making Decisions The Riverwood Water Mystery | |
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| What Are the Possibilities? | |
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| Chemistry at Work Environmental Cleanup | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Investigating the Cause of the Fish Kill | |
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| Solubility of Solids in Water | |
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| Developing Skills Solubility and Solubility Curves | |
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| Investigating Matter Constructing a Solubility Curve | |
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| Dissolving Ionic Compounds | |
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| Modeling Matter The Dissolving Process | |
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| Solution Concentration | |
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| Developing Skills Describing Solution Concentrations | |
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| Inappropriate Heavy-Metal Ion Concentrations? | |
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| Inappropriate pH Levels? | |
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| Inappropriate Molecular Substance Concentrations? | |
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| Investigating Matter Solvents | |
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| Inappropriate Dissolved Oxygen Levels? | |
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| Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Life | |
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| Making Decisions Determining the Cause of the Fish Kill | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Water Purification and Treatment | |
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| Natural Water Purification | |
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| Municipal Water Purification | |
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| Making Decisions Water Purification | |
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| Chlorination of Water | |
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| Chlorination and THMs | |
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| Making Decisions Bottled Water Versus Tap Water | |
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| Investigating Matter Water Softening | |
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| Water and Water Softening | |
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| Chemistry at Work Purifying Water | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together Fish Kill-Finding the Solution | |
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| Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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| Materials: Structure and Uses | |
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| Why We Use What We Do | |
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| Properties Make the Difference | |
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| Developing Skills Physical and Chemical Properties | |
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| Properties Matter: Designing the Penny | |
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| The Chemical Elements | |
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| Investigating Matter Metal or Nonmetal? | |
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| The Periodic Table | |
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| Making Decisions Grouping the Elements | |
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| The Pattern of Atomic Numbers | |
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| Developing Skills Periodic Variation in Properties | |
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| Periodic Table of the Elements | |
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| Organization of the Periodic Table | |
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| Developing Skills Predicting Properties | |
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| What Determines Properties? | |
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| Making Decisions It's Only Money | |
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| Chart of the Elements | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Earth's Mineral Resources | |
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| Sources and Uses of Metals | |
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| Making Decisions Production Versus Use | |
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| Investigating Matter Converting Copper | |
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| Metal Reactivity | |
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| Investigating Matter Relative Reactivities of Metals | |
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| Metals: Properties and Uses | |
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| Discovery of Metals | |
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| Developing Skills Trends in Metal Activity | |
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| Mining and Refining | |
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| Modeling Matter Electrons and Redox Processes | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Conserving Matter | |
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| Keeping Track of Atoms | |
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| Developing Skills Accounting for Atoms | |
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| Nature's Conservation: Balanced Chemical Equations | |
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| Developing Skills Writing Chemical Equations | |
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| Introducing the Mole Concept | |
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| Developing Skills Molar Masses | |
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| Equations and Molar Relationships | |
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| Developing Skills Molar Relationships | |
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| Composition of Materials | |
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| Developing Skills Percent Composition | |
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| Investigating Matter Retrieving Copper | |
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| Conservation in the Community | |
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| Making Decisions Rethinking, Reusing, Replacing, and Recycling | |
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| The Life Cycle of a Material | |
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| Developing Skills Copper Life-Cycle Analysis | |
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| Making Decisions Designing a Coin | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Materials: Designing for Desired Properties | |
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| Structure and Properties: Allotropes | |
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| A Case of Elusive Identity | |
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| Developing Skills Linking Properties to Structure | |
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| Engineered Materials | |
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| Making Decisions Alternatives to Metals | |
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| Investigating Matter Striking It Rich | |
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| Combining Atoms: Alloys & Semiconductors | |
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| Five Cents' Worth | |
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| Modifying Surfaces | |
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| Chemistry at Work All That's Gold Doesn't Glitter...or Does it? | |
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| Investigating Matter Copper Plating | |
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| Making Decisions More Coin Design Considerations | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together Making Money: Selecting the Best Coin Design | |
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| Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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| Petroleum: Breaking and Making Bonds | |
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| Petroleum: What is it? | |
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| What Is Petroleum? | |
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| Investigating Matter Separation by Distillation | |
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| Petroleum Refining | |
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| Examining Petroleum's Molecules | |
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| Developing Skills Hydrocarbon Boiling Points | |
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| Chemical Bonding | |
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| Investigating Matter Modeling Alkanes | |
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| Developing Skills Trends in Alkane Boiling Points | |
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| Investigating Matter Alkanes Revisited | |
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| Developing Skills Boiling Points of Alkane Isomers | |
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| Making Decisions Fuels and Climate | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Petroleum: An Energy Source | |
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| Energy Tracing | |
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| Energy and Fossil Fuels | |
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| Energy Conversion | |
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| Developing Skills Automobile Energy Conversions | |
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| Developing Skills Energy Efficiency | |
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| Energy Conversion Efficiency | |
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| Chemistry at Work Oil's Well That Ends Well: The Work of a Petroleum Geologist | |
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| Investigating Matter Combustion | |
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| Using Heats of Combustion | |
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| A Burning Problem: Part I | |
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| Developing Skills Heats of Combustion | |
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| Altering Fuels | |
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| A Burning Problem: Part II | |
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| Making Decisions Fuel for Transportation | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Petroleum: A Building-Material Source | |
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| Creating New Options: Petrochemicals | |
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| Modeling Matter Polymer Structure and Properties | |
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| Beyond Alkanes | |
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| Investigating Matter The Builders | |
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| More Builder Molecules | |
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| Builder Molecules Containing Oxygen | |
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| Condensation Polymers | |
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| Investigating Matter Condensation | |
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| Making Decisions Builder Molecules in Transportation | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Energy Alternatives to Petroleum | |
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| Energy: Past and Present | |
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| Developing Skills Fuel Sources over the Years | |
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| Alternate Fuels and Energy Sources | |
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| Investigating Matter Biodiesel Fuel | |
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| Making Decisions Biodiesel as a Petroleum Substitute | |
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| Alternate-Fuel Vehicles | |
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| Making Decisions Evaluating Alternate-Fuel Options | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together Getting Mobile | |
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| Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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| Air: Chemistry and the Atmosphere | |
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| Gases in the Atmosphere | |
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| Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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| Developing Skills Graphing Atmospheric Data | |
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| Investigating Matter Properties of Gases | |
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| Pressure | |
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| Developing Skills Applications of Pressure | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure | |
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| Atoms and Molecules in Motion | |
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| Pressure-Volume Behavior of Gases | |
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| Developing Skills Predicting Gas Behavior: Pressure-Volume | |
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| Investigating Matter Exploring Temperature-Volume Relationships | |
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| Temperature-Volume Behavior of Gases | |
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| Developing Skills Predicting Gas Behavior: Temperature-Volume | |
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| Temperature-Pressure Behavior of Gases | |
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| Developing Skills Using Gas Relationships | |
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| Nonideal Gas Behavior | |
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| Modeling Matter Understanding Kinetic Molecular Theory | |
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| Ideal Gases and Molar Volume | |
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| Developing Skills Molar Volume and Reactions of Gases | |
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| The Ideal Gas Law | |
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| Developing Skills Using the Ideal Gas Law | |
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| Making Decisions Preparing to Explore the Bus-Idling Policy | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Radiation and Climate | |
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| The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Solar Radiation | |
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| Always Harmful? | |
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| Earth's Energy Balance | |
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| Developing Skills Solar Radiation | |
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| Thermal Properties At Earth's Surface | |
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| Developing Skills Thermal Properties of Materials | |
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| Investigating Matter Specific Heat Capacity | |
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| The Carbon Cycle | |
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| Making Decisions Considering the Global Carbon Cycle | |
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| Investigating Matter Carbon Dioxide Levels | |
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| Modeling Matter Incomplete Combustion | |
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| Greenhouse Gases and Global Change | |
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| Developing Skills Trends in Atmospheric CO[subscript 2] Levels | |
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| Making Decisions Considering Greenhouse Gases | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Acids in the Atmosphere | |
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| Acid Rain | |
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| The Rain in Maine ... | |
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| Investigating Matter Making Acid Rain | |
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| Chemistry at Work Using Chemistry to Bring Criminals to Justice | |
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| Making Decisions Preventing Acid Rain | |
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| Structure Determines Properties | |
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| Developing Skills Acids and Bases | |
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| Acidity, Molar Concentration, and pH | |
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| Developing Skills Interpreting the pH Scale | |
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| Strengths of Acids and Bases | |
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| Modeling Matter Strong Versus Concentrated | |
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| Acids, Bases, and Buffers | |
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| Investigating Matter Buffers | |
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| Making Decisions Considering Acid Rain | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Solutions | |
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| Sources of Air Pollutants | |
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| Developing Skills Identifying Major Air Contaminants | |
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| Smog: Hazardous to Your Health | |
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| Making Decisions Vehicles and Smog | |
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| Stationary-Source Air Pollution Control and Prevention | |
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| Limiting Reactants and Scrubbers | |
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| Investigating Matter Cleansing Air | |
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| Controlling Automobile Emissions | |
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| Controlling Air Pollution | |
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| Ozone and CFCs: A Continued Success Story | |
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| Air-Quality Conclusions | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together Bus-Idling Policy and Air Quality | |
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| Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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| Industry: Applying Chemical Reactions | |
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| Some Chemistry of Nitrogen | |
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| Making Decisions Chemical Processing In Your Life | |
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| Chemical Products | |
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| Investigating Matter Fertilizer Components | |
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| Fertilizer and the Nitrogen Cycle | |
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| Making Decisions Plant Nutrients | |
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| Modeling Matter The Nitrogen Cycle | |
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| Investigating Matter Phosphates | |
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| Fixing Nitrogen by Oxidation-Reduction | |
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| Developing Skills Determining Oxidation States | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Nitrogen and Industry | |
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| Kinetics and Equilibrium | |
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| Developing Skills Chemical Systems at Equilibrium | |
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| Investigating Matter Le Chatelier's Principle | |
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| Industrial Synthesis of Ammonia | |
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| Nitrogen's Other Face | |
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| Developing Skills Explosive Nitrogen Chemistry | |
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| From Raw Materials to Products | |
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| The Top Chemicals | |
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| Green Chemistry and Responsible Care | |
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| Making Decisions What Does Riverwood Want? | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Metal Processing and Electrochemistry | |
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| Electrolysis and Voltaic Cells | |
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| Investigating Matter Voltaic Cells | |
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| Voltaic Cells and Half-Reactions | |
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| Developing Skills Getting Charged by Electrochemistry | |
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| Batteries | |
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| Battery Sizes | |
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| Industrial Electrochemistry | |
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| Moving Toward Greener Methods | |
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| Making Decisions Asset or Liability? | |
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| Chemistry at Work Searching for Solutions in Chemistry | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together A Chemical Plant for Riverwood? | |
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| Looking Back | |
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| Atoms: Nuclear Interactions | |
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| The Nature of Atoms | |
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| A Great Discovery | |
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| Scientific Discoveries | |
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| Nuclear Radiation | |
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| The Gold-Foil Experiment | |
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| Architecture of Atoms | |
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| Developing Skills Interpreting Isotopic Notation | |
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| Modeling Matter Isotopic Pennies | |
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| Isotopes in Nature | |
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| Developing Skills Molar Mass and Isotopic Abundance | |
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| Making Decisions Fact or Fiction? | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Nuclear Radiation | |
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| Exposure to Ionizing Radiation | |
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| Radiation Exposure Standards | |
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| Making Decisions Your Annual Ionizing-Radiation Dose | |
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| Ionizing Radiation: How Much is Safe? | |
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| Investigating Matter Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation | |
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| Natural Radioactive Decay | |
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| Developing Skills Nuclear Balancing Act | |
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| Radon | |
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| Nuclear Radiation Detectors | |
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| Investigating Matter Cloud Chambers | |
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| Making Decisions Ensuring Public Safety | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Using Radioactivity | |
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| Half-Life: A Radioactive Clock | |
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| Carbon-14 Dating | |
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| Modeling Matter Understanding Half-Life | |
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| Developing Skills Applications of Half-Lives | |
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| Radioisotopes in Medicine | |
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| Using Radioisotopes in Medicine | |
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| Nuclear Medicine Technologies | |
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| Artificial Radioactivity | |
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| Developing Skills Nuclear-Bombardment Reactions | |
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| Transmutation of Elements | |
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| Extending the Periodic Table | |
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| Making Decisions Opinions About Radioactivity | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Nuclear Energy: Benefits and Burdens | |
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| Unleashing Nuclear Forces | |
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| Modeling Matter The Tumbling Domino Effect | |
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| Nuclear Power Plants | |
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| Chemistry at Work Nuclear Power in Action: Submarines | |
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| Nuclear Fusion | |
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| Making Decisions The Safest Journey | |
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| Risk-Free Travel? | |
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| Nuclear Waste: Pandora's Box | |
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| Developing Skills Disposing of High- and Low-Level Waste | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together Communicating Scientific and Technical Information | |
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| Food: Matter and Energy for Life | |
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| Food as Energy | |
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| Food Groups | |
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| Making Decisions Diet and Food Groups | |
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| Investigating Matter Snack-Food Energy | |
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| Energy Flow: From the Sun to You | |
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| How Does Your Garden Grow? | |
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| Energy Release and Storage | |
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| Developing Skills Energy in Action | |
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| Energy In, Energy Out | |
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| Making Decisions Gain Some, Lose Some | |
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| Energy Intake and Expenditure | |
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| Section A Summary | |
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| Energy Storage and Use | |
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| Carbohydrates: One Way to Combine C, H, and O | |
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| Chemistry at Work Food for Thought | |
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| Fats: Another Way to Combine C, H, and O Atoms | |
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| Saturated and Unsaturated Fats | |
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| Developing Skills Calories From Fat | |
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| Hydrogenation | |
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| Developing Skills Fats in the Diet | |
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| Fat-Free Food? | |
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| Limiting Reactants | |
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| Modeling Matter Limiting-Reactant Analogies | |
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| Developing Skills Limiting Reactants in Chemical Reactions | |
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| Making Decisions Analyzing Fats and Carbohydrates | |
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| Section B Summary | |
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| Proteins, Enzymes, and Chemistry | |
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| Proteins: Function and Structure | |
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| Modeling Matter Molecular Structure of Proteins | |
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| Protein in Your Diet | |
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| Developing Skills Analyzing Daily Protein Requirements | |
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| Investigating Matter Enzymes | |
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| How Enzymes Work | |
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| A Problem to Chew On | |
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| Investigating Matter Amylase Tests | |
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| Making Decisions Protein Content | |
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| Section C Summary | |
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| Other Substances in Foods | |
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| Vitamins | |
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| Developing Skills Vitamins in the Diet | |
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| Investigating Matter Vitamin C | |
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| Minerals: Essential Within All Diets | |
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| Developing Skills Minerals in the Diet | |
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| Food Additives | |
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| Investigating Matter Analyzing Food-Coloring Additives | |
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| Regulating Additives | |
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| Nitrite Additives | |
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| Artificial Sweeteners | |
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| Developing Skills Food Additive Survey | |
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| Making Decisions Analyzing Vitamins and Minerals | |
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| Chemistry at Work Keeping Food Supplies Safe for Consumers | |
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| Section D Summary | |
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| Putting It All Together School Vending Choices: Guiding PTSA's Decisions | |
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| Looking Back | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Glossary | |