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Meet the Authors | |
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Preface | |
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The Modern Theory and Practice of Geology | |
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The Earth System | |
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The Scientific Method | |
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Earth's Shape and Surface | |
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The Geologic Record | |
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Peeling the Onion: Discovery of a Layered Earth | |
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Earth as a System of Interacting Components | |
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An Overview of Geologic Time | |
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Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory | |
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The Discovery of Plate Tectonics | |
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The Mosaic of Plates | |
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Rates and History of Plate Motions | |
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The Grand Reconstruction | |
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Mantle Convection: The Engine of Plate Tectonics | |
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The Theory of Plate Tectonics and the Scientific Method | |
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Basic Geologic Processes | |
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Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks | |
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What Are Minerals? | |
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The Atomic Structure of Matter | |
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Chemical Reactions | |
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Chemical Bonds | |
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The Atomic Structure of Minerals | |
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Rock-Forming Minerals | |
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Physical Properties of Minerals | |
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What Are Rocks? | |
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Igneous Rocks | |
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Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Metamorphic Rocks | |
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The Rock Cycle: Interactions Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems | |
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Minerals Occur in Rocks as Valuable Resources | |
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Earth Issues: Sulfide Minerals React to Form Acid Waters on Earth and Mars | |
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Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts | |
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How Do Igneous Rocks Differ from One Another? | |
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How Do Magmas Form? | |
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Where Do Magmas Form? | |
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Magmatic Differentiation | |
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Forms of Magmatic Intrusions | |
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Igneous Activity and Plate Tectonics | |
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Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes | |
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Sedimentary Rocks Are Produced by Surface Processes in the Rock Cycle | |
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Sedimentary Basins: The Sinks for Sediments | |
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Sedimentary Environments | |
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Sedimentary Structures | |
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Burial and Diagenesis: From Sediment to Rock | |
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Classification of Siliciclastic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Classification of Chemical and Biological Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Earth Policy: Darwin's Coral Reefs and Atolls | |
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Metamorphism: Modification of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure | |
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Metamorphism and the Earth System | |
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Causes of Metamorphism | |
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Types of Metamorphism | |
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Metamorphic Textures | |
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Regional Metamorphism and Metamorphic Grade | |
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Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism | |
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Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing | |
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Mapping Geologic Structure | |
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How Rocks Deform | |
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Basic Deformation Structures | |
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Styles of Continental Deformation | |
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Unraveling Geologic History | |
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Earth and Planets Through Geologic Time | |
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Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Record | |
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Reconstructing Geologic History from the Stratigraphic Record | |
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Geologic Time Scale: Relative Ages | |
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Measuring Absolute Time with Radioactive Clocks | |
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Geologic Time Scale: Absolute Ages | |
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Timing the Earth System | |
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Earth Issues: The Grand Canyon Sequence and Regional Correlation of Strata | |
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Early History of the Terrestrial Planets | |
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Origin of the Solar System | |
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Early Earth: Formation of a Layered Planet | |
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Diversity of the Planets | |
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What's in a Face? The Age and Complexion of Planetary Surfaces | |
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Mars Rocks! | |
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Exploring the Solar System and Beyond | |
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Evolution of the Continents | |
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The Tectonics of North America | |
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Tectonic Provinces Around the World | |
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How Continents Grow | |
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How Continents Are Modified | |
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The Formation of Cratons | |
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The Deep Structure of Continents | |
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Geobiology: Life Interacts with the Earth | |
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The Biosphere as a System | |
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Microbes: Nature's Tiny Chemists | |
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Geobiological Events in Earth's History | |
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Astrobiology: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life | |
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Earth Issues: The Mother of all Mass Extinctions: Whodunit? | |
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Internal Geosystems | |
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Volcanoes | |
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Volcanoes as Geosystems | |
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Lavas and Other Volcanic Deposits | |
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Eruptive Styles and Landforms | |
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Geosystem Interactions | |
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The Global Pattern of Volcanism | |
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Volcanism and Human Affairs | |
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Earth Policy: Mount St. Helens: Dangerous but Predictable | |
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Earthquakes | |
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What Is an Earthquake? | |
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Studying Earthquakes | |
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Earthquakes and Patterns of Faulting | |
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Earthquake Destructiveness | |
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Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? | |
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Earth Issues: The Great Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 | |
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Earth Issues: Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety | |
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Exploring: Earth's Interior | |
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Exploring the Interior with Seismic Waves | |
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Layering and Composition of the Interior | |
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Earth's Internal Heat and Temperature | |
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The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Mantle | |
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Earth's Magnetic Field and the Geodynamo | |
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Earth Issues: The Uplift of Scandinavia: Nature's Experiment with Isostasy | |
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Earth Issues: The Geoid: Shape of Planet Earth | |
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Surficial Geosystems | |
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The Climate System | |
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Components of the Climate System | |
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The Greenhouse Effect | |
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Climate Variability | |
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The Carbon Cycle | |
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Twentieth-Century Warming: Human Fingerprints of Global Change | |
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Earth Issues: Vostok and GRIP: Ice-Core Drilling in Antarctica and Greenland | |
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Earth Issues: El Nino: The Wayward Child | |
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Weathering, Erosion, and Mass Wasting: Interface Between Climate and Tectonics | |
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Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, and the Rock Cycle | |
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Controls on Weathering | |
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Chemical Weathering | |
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Physical Weathering | |
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Soil: The Residue of Weathering | |
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Mass Wasting | |
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Classification of Mass Movements | |
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Understanding the Origins of Mass Movements | |
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The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater | |
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Flows and Reservoirs | |
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Hydrology and Climate | |
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The Hydrology of Runoff | |
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Groundwater | |
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Water Resources from Major Aquifers | |
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Erosion by Groundwater | |
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Water Quality | |
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Water Deep in the Crust | |
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Earth Issues: Water Is a Precious Resource: Who Should Get It? | |
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Earth Issues: When Do Groundwaters Become Nonrenewable Resources? | |
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Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans | |
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Stream Valleys, Channels, and Floodplains | |
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Drainage Networks | |
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Where Do Channels Begin? How Running Water Erodes Solid Rock | |
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How Stream Waters Flow and Transport Sediment | |
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Deltas: The Mouths of Rivers | |
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Streams as Geosystems | |
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Earth Issues: The Development of Cities on Floodplains | |
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Winds and Deserts | |
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Wind as a Flow of Air | |
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Wind as a Transport Agent | |
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Wind as an Agent of Erosion | |
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Wind as a Depositional Agent | |
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The Desert Environment | |
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Earth Issues: Martian Dust Storms and Dust Devils | |
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Coastlines and Ocean Basins | |
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Basic Differences Between Ocean Basins and Continents | |
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Coastal Processes | |
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Shorelines | |
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Sea Level Change as a Measure of Global Warming | |
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Continental Margins | |
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The Deep Oceans | |
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Ocean Sedimentation | |
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Earth Policy: The Great New Orleans Flood | |
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Earth Issues: Preserving Our Beaches | |
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Glaciers: The Work of Ice | |
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Ice as a Rock | |
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How Glaciers Form | |
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How Glaciers Move | |
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Glacial Landscapes | |
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Glaciations and the Climate System | |
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Earth Issues: Isostasy and Sea-Level Change | |
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Landscapes: Tectonic and Climate Interaction | |
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Topography, Elevation, and Relief | |
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Landforms: Features Sculpted by Erosion and Sedimentation | |
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Interacting Geosystems Control Landscape | |
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Models of Landscape Evolution | |
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Earth Issues: Uplift and Climate Change: A Chicken-and-Egg Dilemma | |
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Earth Science and Society | |
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The Human Impact on Earth's Environment | |
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Civilization as a Global Geosystem | |
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Fossil-Fuel Resources | |
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Alternative Energy Resources | |
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Global Change | |
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Welcome to the Anthropocene: A New Geologic Epoch | |
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Earth System Engineering and Management | |
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Earth Policy: Subsurface Toxic and Nuclear Waste Contamination | |
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Earth Policy: The Kyoto Accords and the Politics of Climate Change | |
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Conversion Factors | |
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Numerical Data Pertaining to Earth | |
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Chemical Reactions | |
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Properties of the Most Common Minerals of Earth's Crust | |
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Glossary | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Index | |