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| Meet the Authors | |
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| Preface | |
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| The Modern Theory and Practice of Geology | |
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| The Earth System | |
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| The Scientific Method | |
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| Earth's Shape and Surface | |
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| The Geologic Record | |
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| Peeling the Onion: Discovery of a Layered Earth | |
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| Earth as a System of Interacting Components | |
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| An Overview of Geologic Time | |
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| Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory | |
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| The Discovery of Plate Tectonics | |
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| The Mosaic of Plates | |
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| Rates and History of Plate Motions | |
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| The Grand Reconstruction | |
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| Mantle Convection: The Engine of Plate Tectonics | |
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| The Theory of Plate Tectonics and the Scientific Method | |
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| Basic Geologic Processes | |
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| Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks | |
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| What Are Minerals? | |
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| The Atomic Structure of Matter | |
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| Chemical Reactions | |
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| Chemical Bonds | |
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| The Atomic Structure of Minerals | |
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| Rock-Forming Minerals | |
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| Physical Properties of Minerals | |
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| What Are Rocks? | |
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| Igneous Rocks | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Metamorphic Rocks | |
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| The Rock Cycle: Interactions Between the Plate Tectonic and Climate Systems | |
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| Minerals Occur in Rocks as Valuable Resources | |
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| Earth Issues: Sulfide Minerals React to Form Acid Waters on Earth and Mars | |
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| Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts | |
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| How Do Igneous Rocks Differ from One Another? | |
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| How Do Magmas Form? | |
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| Where Do Magmas Form? | |
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| Magmatic Differentiation | |
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| Forms of Magmatic Intrusions | |
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| Igneous Activity and Plate Tectonics | |
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| Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks Are Produced by Surface Processes in the Rock Cycle | |
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| Sedimentary Basins: The Sinks for Sediments | |
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| Sedimentary Environments | |
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| Sedimentary Structures | |
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| Burial and Diagenesis: From Sediment to Rock | |
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| Classification of Siliciclastic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Classification of Chemical and Biological Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Earth Policy: Darwin's Coral Reefs and Atolls | |
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| Metamorphism: Modification of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure | |
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| Metamorphism and the Earth System | |
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| Causes of Metamorphism | |
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| Types of Metamorphism | |
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| Metamorphic Textures | |
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| Regional Metamorphism and Metamorphic Grade | |
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| Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism | |
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| Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing | |
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| Mapping Geologic Structure | |
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| How Rocks Deform | |
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| Basic Deformation Structures | |
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| Styles of Continental Deformation | |
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| Unraveling Geologic History | |
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| Earth and Planets Through Geologic Time | |
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| Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Record | |
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| Reconstructing Geologic History from the Stratigraphic Record | |
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| Geologic Time Scale: Relative Ages | |
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| Measuring Absolute Time with Radioactive Clocks | |
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| Geologic Time Scale: Absolute Ages | |
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| Timing the Earth System | |
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| Earth Issues: The Grand Canyon Sequence and Regional Correlation of Strata | |
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| Early History of the Terrestrial Planets | |
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| Origin of the Solar System | |
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| Early Earth: Formation of a Layered Planet | |
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| Diversity of the Planets | |
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| What's in a Face? The Age and Complexion of Planetary Surfaces | |
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| Mars Rocks! | |
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| Exploring the Solar System and Beyond | |
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| Evolution of the Continents | |
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| The Tectonics of North America | |
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| Tectonic Provinces Around the World | |
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| How Continents Grow | |
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| How Continents Are Modified | |
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| The Formation of Cratons | |
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| The Deep Structure of Continents | |
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| Geobiology: Life Interacts with the Earth | |
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| The Biosphere as a System | |
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| Microbes: Nature's Tiny Chemists | |
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| Geobiological Events in Earth's History | |
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| Astrobiology: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life | |
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| Earth Issues: The Mother of all Mass Extinctions: Whodunit? | |
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| Internal Geosystems | |
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| Volcanoes | |
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| Volcanoes as Geosystems | |
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| Lavas and Other Volcanic Deposits | |
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| Eruptive Styles and Landforms | |
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| Geosystem Interactions | |
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| The Global Pattern of Volcanism | |
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| Volcanism and Human Affairs | |
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| Earth Policy: Mount St. Helens: Dangerous but Predictable | |
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| Earthquakes | |
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| What Is an Earthquake? | |
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| Studying Earthquakes | |
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| Earthquakes and Patterns of Faulting | |
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| Earthquake Destructiveness | |
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| Can Earthquakes Be Predicted? | |
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| Earth Issues: The Great Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 | |
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| Earth Issues: Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety | |
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| Exploring: Earth's Interior | |
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| Exploring the Interior with Seismic Waves | |
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| Layering and Composition of the Interior | |
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| Earth's Internal Heat and Temperature | |
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| The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Mantle | |
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| Earth's Magnetic Field and the Geodynamo | |
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| Earth Issues: The Uplift of Scandinavia: Nature's Experiment with Isostasy | |
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| Earth Issues: The Geoid: Shape of Planet Earth | |
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| Surficial Geosystems | |
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| The Climate System | |
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| Components of the Climate System | |
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| The Greenhouse Effect | |
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| Climate Variability | |
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| The Carbon Cycle | |
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| Twentieth-Century Warming: Human Fingerprints of Global Change | |
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| Earth Issues: Vostok and GRIP: Ice-Core Drilling in Antarctica and Greenland | |
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| Earth Issues: El Nino: The Wayward Child | |
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| Weathering, Erosion, and Mass Wasting: Interface Between Climate and Tectonics | |
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| Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, and the Rock Cycle | |
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| Controls on Weathering | |
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| Chemical Weathering | |
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| Physical Weathering | |
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| Soil: The Residue of Weathering | |
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| Mass Wasting | |
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| Classification of Mass Movements | |
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| Understanding the Origins of Mass Movements | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater | |
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| Flows and Reservoirs | |
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| Hydrology and Climate | |
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| The Hydrology of Runoff | |
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| Groundwater | |
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| Water Resources from Major Aquifers | |
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| Erosion by Groundwater | |
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| Water Quality | |
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| Water Deep in the Crust | |
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| Earth Issues: Water Is a Precious Resource: Who Should Get It? | |
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| Earth Issues: When Do Groundwaters Become Nonrenewable Resources? | |
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| Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans | |
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| Stream Valleys, Channels, and Floodplains | |
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| Drainage Networks | |
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| Where Do Channels Begin? How Running Water Erodes Solid Rock | |
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| How Stream Waters Flow and Transport Sediment | |
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| Deltas: The Mouths of Rivers | |
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| Streams as Geosystems | |
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| Earth Issues: The Development of Cities on Floodplains | |
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| Winds and Deserts | |
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| Wind as a Flow of Air | |
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| Wind as a Transport Agent | |
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| Wind as an Agent of Erosion | |
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| Wind as a Depositional Agent | |
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| The Desert Environment | |
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| Earth Issues: Martian Dust Storms and Dust Devils | |
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| Coastlines and Ocean Basins | |
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| Basic Differences Between Ocean Basins and Continents | |
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| Coastal Processes | |
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| Shorelines | |
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| Sea Level Change as a Measure of Global Warming | |
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| Continental Margins | |
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| The Deep Oceans | |
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| Ocean Sedimentation | |
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| Earth Policy: The Great New Orleans Flood | |
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| Earth Issues: Preserving Our Beaches | |
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| Glaciers: The Work of Ice | |
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| Ice as a Rock | |
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| How Glaciers Form | |
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| How Glaciers Move | |
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| Glacial Landscapes | |
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| Glaciations and the Climate System | |
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| Earth Issues: Isostasy and Sea-Level Change | |
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| Landscapes: Tectonic and Climate Interaction | |
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| Topography, Elevation, and Relief | |
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| Landforms: Features Sculpted by Erosion and Sedimentation | |
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| Interacting Geosystems Control Landscape | |
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| Models of Landscape Evolution | |
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| Earth Issues: Uplift and Climate Change: A Chicken-and-Egg Dilemma | |
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| Earth Science and Society | |
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| The Human Impact on Earth's Environment | |
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| Civilization as a Global Geosystem | |
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| Fossil-Fuel Resources | |
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| Alternative Energy Resources | |
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| Global Change | |
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| Welcome to the Anthropocene: A New Geologic Epoch | |
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| Earth System Engineering and Management | |
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| Earth Policy: Subsurface Toxic and Nuclear Waste Contamination | |
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| Earth Policy: The Kyoto Accords and the Politics of Climate Change | |
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| Conversion Factors | |
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| Numerical Data Pertaining to Earth | |
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| Chemical Reactions | |
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| Properties of the Most Common Minerals of Earth's Crust | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Index | |