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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Propositional Logic | |
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| Propositions and Arguments | |
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| What Is Logic? | |
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| Propositions | |
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| Arguments | |
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| Logical Consequence | |
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| Soundness | |
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| Connectives | |
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| The Language of Propositional Logic | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Basic Propositions of PL | |
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| Connectives of PL | |
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| Wff Variables | |
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| Syntax of PL | |
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| Semantics of Propositional Logic | |
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| Truth Tables for the Connectives | |
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| Truth Values of Complex Propositions | |
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| Truth Tables for Complex Propositions | |
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| Truth Tables for Multiple Propositions | |
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| Connectives and Truth Functions | |
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| Uses of Truth Tables | |
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| Arguments | |
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| Single Propositions | |
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| Two Propositions | |
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| Sets of Propositions | |
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| More on Validity | |
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| Logical Form | |
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| Abstracting from Content: From Propositions to Forms | |
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| Instances: From Forms to Propositions | |
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| Argument Forms | |
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| Validity and Form | |
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| Invalidity and Form | |
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| Notable Argument Forms | |
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| Other Logical Properties | |
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| Connectives: Translation and Adequacy | |
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| Assertibility and Implicature | |
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| Conjunction | |
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| Conditional and Biconditional | |
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| Disjunction | |
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| Negation | |
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| Functional Completeness | |
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| Trees for Propositional Logic | |
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| Tree Rules | |
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| Applying the Rules | |
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| Uses of Trees | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Predicate Logic | |
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| The Language of Monadic Predicate Logic | |
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| The Limitations of Propositional Logic | |
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| MPL, Part I: Names and Predicates | |
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| MPL, Part II: Variables and Quantifiers | |
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| Syntax of MPL | |
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| Semantics of Monadic Predicate Logic | |
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| Models; Truth and Falsity of Uncomplicated Propositions | |
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| Connectives | |
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| Quantified Propositions: The General Case | |
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| Semantics of MPL: Summary | |
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| Analyses and Methods | |
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| Trees for Monadic Predicate Logic | |
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| Tree Rules | |
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| Using Trees | |
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| Infinite Trees | |
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| Models, Propositions, and Ways the World Could Be | |
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| Translation | |
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| Valuation | |
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| Axiomatization | |
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| Propositions | |
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| Logical Consequence and NTP | |
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| Postulates | |
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| General Predicate Logic | |
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| The Language of General Predicate Logic | |
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| Semantics of GPL | |
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| Trees for General Predicate Logic | |
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| Postulates | |
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| Moving Quantifiers | |
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| Identity | |
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| The Identity Relation | |
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| The Identity Predicate | |
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| Semantics of Identity | |
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| Trees for General Predicate Logic with Identity | |
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| Numerical Quantifiers | |
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| Definite Descriptions | |
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| Function Symbols | |
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| Foundations and Variations | |
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| Metatheory | |
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| Soundness and Completeness | |
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| Decidability and UndecidabUity | |
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| Other Logical Properties | |
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| Expressive Power | |
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| Other Methods of Proof | |
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| Axiomatic Systems | |
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| Natural Deduction | |
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| Sequent Calculus | |
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| Set Theory | |
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| Sets | |
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| Ordered Pairs and Ordered n-tuples | |
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| Relations | |
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| Functions | |
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| Sequences | |
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| Multisets | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |