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| Preface | |
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| Common Abbreviations and Symbols | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Components of Marine Sediments | |
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| Detrital Components | |
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| Biogenic Components | |
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| Biogenic Carbonates | |
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| Biogenic Silica | |
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| Distribution of Biogenic Components in Marine Sediments | |
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| Authigenic Minerals | |
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| Nonbiogenic Carbonates | |
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| Mn Crusts, Layers, and Nodules | |
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| Phosphorites | |
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| Sulfides | |
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| Clays and Clay Minerals | |
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| Distribution of Clay Minerals in Surface Marine Sediments | |
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| Ion Exchange/Adsorption | |
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| The Classification of Marine Sediments and Sedimentary Regimes | |
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| Isotope Geochemistry | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles of Isotope Fractionation | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Equilibrium Isotope Exchange Reactions | |
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| Isotope Fractionation in Inorganic Materials in Nature | |
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| Isotope Fractionation in the Hydrosphere and in Ice cores | |
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| Isotope Fractionation during Clay Mineral Formation | |
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| Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes in Calcite | |
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| Carbon Isotopes in Organic Matter | |
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| Photosynthesis | |
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| Respiration (Early Diagenesis in Sediments) | |
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| Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes in Sediment Pore-Waters | |
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| Carbon Isotopes | |
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| Oxygen Isotopes | |
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| Nitrogen Isotopes | |
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| Sulfur Isotopes | |
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| Radioactive Isotopes | |
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| Basic Principles | |
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| Radiocarbon | |
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| Physical Properties of Sediments | |
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| Grain Size | |
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| Porosity and Sediment Density | |
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| Permeability | |
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| An Introduction to Transport Processes in Sediments | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Sediment Accumulation, Steady State, and the Frame of Reference for Processes in Marine Sediments | |
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| An Introduction to Bioturbation and Bioirrigation | |
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| Time and Space Scales of Sediment Processes | |
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| The Classification of Marine Sediments on the Basis of Their Functional Diagenetic Characteristics | |
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| Models of Sediment Diagenesis | |
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| The General Diagenetic Equation | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Advection, Sediment Compaction, and Bioturbation | |
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| Adsorption | |
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| Solutions to the Diagenetic Equation | |
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| Boundary Conditions | |
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| Solutions to Specific Diagenetic Equations | |
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| Organic Matter Remineralization without Bioturbation | |
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| Organic Matter Remineralization with Bioturbation | |
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| Organic Matter Remineralization Coupled to Sulfate Reduction | |
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| Ammonium Production in Anoxic Sediments | |
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| Determination of Sediment Accumulation Rates | |
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| Biogeochemical Processes in Sediments | |
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| Bacterial Metabolism: General Considerations | |
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| Bacterial Respiration and Biogeochemical Zonation in Sediments | |
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| Bacterial Respiration: Specific Processes | |
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| Aerobic Respiration | |
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| Denitrification | |
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| Manganese and Iron Reduction | |
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| Sulfate Reduction | |
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| Methanogenesis | |
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| Chemolithotrophic Reactions | |
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| Aerobic Processes | |
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| Anaerobic Processes | |
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| Linkages between Chemolithotrophic and Organic Matter Remineralization Processes | |
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| The Distribution of Organic Matter Remineralization Processes in Marine Sediments | |
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| Depth Scales of Biogeochemical Zonation | |
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| General Trends with Water Column Depth or Sediment Type | |
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| Dynamics of Organic Matter Decomposition in Sediments | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Anaerobic "Foodchains" | |
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| Dynamics of Organic Matter Decomposition under Mixed Redox Conditions | |
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| Quantifying Carbon and Nutrient Remineralization in Sediments | |
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| Models of Organic Matter Decomposition in Sediments | |
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| Sediment Budgets for Reactive Components | |
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| Theoretical Considerations | |
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| Sediment Nutrient Budgets Using Cape Lookout Bight as an Example | |
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| Carbon Burial in Sediments | |
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| Layered and Coupled Models of Sediment Diagenesis | |
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| An Introduction to the Organic Geochemistry of Marine Sediments | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Concentrations and Sources of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments | |
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| The Bulk Chemical Composition of Marine Sediment Organic Matter | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Lignins | |
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| Lipids | |
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| Humic Substances and Molecularly Uncharacterized Organic Matter | |
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| Black Carbon | |
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| Molecularly Uncharacterized Organic Matter (MU-OM): General Considerations | |
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| Geopolymerization: The Formation of Humic Substances | |
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| Selective Preservation of Refractory Biomacromolecules | |
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| Physical Protection | |
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| Organic Nitrogen Diagenesis in Sediments | |
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| Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Sediments | |
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| General Observations | |
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| Diagenetic Models of Pore-Water DOM Cycling in Sediments | |
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| Pore-Water DOM Compositional Data | |
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| Short-Chain Organic Acids | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Fluxes of DOM from Marine Sediments | |
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| DOM Adsorption and Sediment-Organic Matter Interactions | |
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| Linking Sediment Organic Geochemistry and Sediment Diagenesis | |
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| The Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments | |
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| Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Tracers of Organic Matter Sources | |
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| Elemental Ratios as Tracers of Organic Matter Sources | |
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| Spatial Trends in the Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments: Marine versus Terrestrial | |
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| Other Sources of Organic Matter to Marine Sediments: Black Carbon and Recycled Kerogen | |
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| Production of Bacterial Biomass in Sediments | |
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| The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization in Marine Sediments | |
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| Pore-Water Stoichiometric Models for Nutrient Regeneration/Organic Mater Remineralization | |
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| Benthic Flux and Sediment POM Stoichiometric Models for Nutrient Regeneration | |
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| The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization: Elemental Ratios and Stable Isotopic Composition | |
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| The Composition of Organic Matter Undergoing Remineralization: Organic Geochemical Composition | |
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| Processes at the Sediment-Water Interface | |
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| The Determination of Benthic Fluxes | |
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| Diffusive Transport and the Benthic Boundary Layer | |
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| Sediment-Water Exchange Processes in Permeable Sediments | |
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| Bioturbation | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Models of Bioturbation | |
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| Nonlocal Sediment Mixing | |
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| Bioirrigation | |
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| The Diffusive Openness of Bioirrigated Sediments | |
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| Methods for Quantifying Bioirrigation in Sediments | |
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| Rates of Bioirrigation in Marine Sediments | |
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| Other Sediment-Water Interface Processes: Methane Gas Ebullition | |
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| Biogeochemical Processes in Pelagic (Deep-Sea) Sediments | |
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| Organic Matter Remineralization | |
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| Trace Metal Diagenesis | |
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| Manganese Nodules and Crusts | |
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| Diagenesis of Opaline Silica | |
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| Diagenesis of Calcium Carbonate | |
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| Nonsteady-State Processes in Marine Sediments | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Periodic Input Processes | |
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| Seasonality in Sediment Processes | |
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| Diagenetic Processes in Deep-Sea Turbidites | |
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| Organic Geochemical Studies of Turbidite Diagenesis | |
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| Multiple Mn Peaks in Sediments: Nonsteady-State Diagenetic Processes Associated with Paleoceanographic Changes | |
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| Multiple Mn Peaks and the Glacial-Holocene Transition | |
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| Multiple Mn Peaks and Pleistocene Climate Cycles | |
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| Multiple Mn Peaks in Holocene Sediments | |
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| The Controls on Organic Carbon Preservation in Marine Sediments | |
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| Organic Matter-Mineral Interactions | |
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| The Role of Oxygen in Sediment Carbon Remineralization and Preservation | |
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| The Role of Benthic Macrofaunal Processes in Sediment Carbon Remineralization and Preservation | |
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| Oxygen Exposure Time as a Determinant of Organic Carbon Preservation in Sediments | |
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| What Exactly Does Sediment Oxygen Exposure "Mean"? | |
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| Organic Carbon Burial and Controls on Atmospheric 0[subscript 2] | |
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| The Composition of Organic Matter Preserved in Marine Sediments and the Fate of Terrestrial Organic Matter in Marine Sediments | |
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| The Relationship between Physical Protection, Oxygen Exposure, and Possible Abiotic Condensation Reactions in Sediment Carbon Preservation | |
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| Biogeochemical Processes in Continental Margin Sediments. I. The CO[subscript 2] System and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling | |
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| Pore-Water pH and Carbonate Chemistry under Suboxic and Anoxic Conditions | |
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| Sediment Nitrogen Cycling | |
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| Benthic DON Fluxes | |
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| Sediment Phosphorus Cycling | |
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| Formation of Authigenic CFA and Phosphorus Burial in Sediments | |
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| Biogeochemical Processes in Continental Margin Sediments. II. Sulfur, Methane, and Trace Metal Cycling | |
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| Sediment Sulfur Cycling | |
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| Sulfur Burial Efficiency | |
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| Long-Term Changes in the Sedimentary Sulfur Cycle | |
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| Methanogenesis and Anaerobic Methane Oxidation | |
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| Shallow (Coastal) Sediments | |
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| Continental Margin Sediments | |
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| Trace Metal Cycling | |
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| Linking Sediment Processes to Global Elemental Cycles: Authigenic Clay Mineral Formation and Reverse Weathering | |
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| Sediment Silica Budgets | |
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| Final Thoughts | |
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| Some of the Field Sites Discussed in the Text | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |