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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Impact of Institutional Setting on Stage of the Policy Process People Participate In | |
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| Impact of Institutional Setting on Primary Strategy for Participation | |
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| Institutional Settings, Resources, and Political Participation inBeijing | |
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| Definition of Political Participation | |
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| Effectiveness of Participation | |
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| Data | |
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| The Validity of the Survey | |
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| Overview of the Book | |
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| Forms of Citizen Participation in Beijing | |
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| Elections | |
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| Persuading Others to Attend Campaign or Briefing Meetings | |
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| Campaigns for Candidates | |
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| Persuading Others to Boycott Unfair Elections | |
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| Personal Contacting | |
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| Contacting Leaders of Work Units | |
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| Appeals through the Bureaucratic Hierarchy | |
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| Complaints through Political Organizations | |
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| Complaints through the Trade Unions | |
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| Complaints through Deputies to the People's Congresses | |
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| Reports to Complaint Bureaus at Higher Levels | |
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| Letter Writing to Government Officials | |
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| Letter Writing to Editors of Newspapers | |
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| Guanxi and Gifts in Exchange for Help | |
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| Strikes and Slowdowns on the job | |
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| Organizing Groups to Fight against Leaders | |
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| Whipping up Public Opinion against Leaders | |
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| Going to Court | |
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| Big-Character Posters | |
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| Demonstrations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Extent of Citizen Participation | |
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| Methodology | |
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| How Much Participation Is There in Beijing? | |
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| How Widespread Is Participation in Beijing? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Modes of Political Participation in China | |
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| Dimensions of Participation | |
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| The Dimensions and Modes of Activity | |
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| An Empirical Test of the Modes of Participation | |
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| The Rotated-Factor Solution | |
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| Confirmatory Factor Analysis | |
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| The Relationships among Factors | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Understanding Voting in Beijing | |
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| The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Voter Turnout | |
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| Isolating the Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Danwei on VoterTurnout | |
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| Party Affiliation and Voter Turnout | |
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| Age, Gender, and Turnout | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Campaign Activities and Election Boycotts | |
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| Campaign Activities | |
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| Election Boycotts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Appeal Activities in Beijing | |
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| State, Society, and Appeal Making in China | |
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| Multivariate Analysis of Appeals | |
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| Confrontational versus Conciliatory Appeals | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Adversarial Activities, Resistance, and Cronyism | |
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| Adversarial Activities | |
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| Resistance | |
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| Cronyism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Future of Chinese Democracy | |
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| Appendix: Sample Design | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |