| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Files and Directories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compiler Notes and Options | |
| |
| |
| Online Manual Pages | |
| |
| |
| Example Code in This Book | |
| |
| |
| Compiling C Programs | |
| |
| |
| Managing Compiler Warnings | |
| |
| |
| Compiling to Standards | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| UNIX File System Objects | |
| |
| |
| File System Objects | |
| |
| |
| Permissions | |
| |
| |
| Working with Files Under UNIX | |
| |
| |
| UNIX File I/O | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Error Handling and Reporting | |
| |
| |
| Determining Success or Failure | |
| |
| |
| Determining the Reason for Failure | |
| |
| |
| The Old errno Value | |
| |
| |
| The New errno Value | |
| |
| |
| Reporting on errno Values | |
| |
| |
| Testing for Errors Using stdio(3) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| UNIX Input and Output | |
| |
| |
| The umask(2) Function and umask Bits | |
| |
| |
| Reading and Writing | |
| |
| |
| Seeking Within a File | |
| |
| |
| Truncating Files | |
| |
| |
| Sparse Files | |
| |
| |
| Forcing Data to Media | |
| |
| |
| Scattered Reading and Writing | |
| |
| |
| Determining Your tty Name | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| File Locking | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Lock Types | |
| |
| |
| The Lock File Technique | |
| |
| |
| Record Locking | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Managing Files and Their Properties | |
| |
| |
| Removing Files | |
| |
| |
| Linking Files | |
| |
| |
| Moving Files | |
| |
| |
| Obtaining File System Information | |
| |
| |
| Testing Access to a File | |
| |
| |
| Symbolic Links | |
| |
| |
| File Permissions and Ownership | |
| |
| |
| Named Pipes (FIFOs) | |
| |
| |
| Obtaining Size and Configuration Information | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Directory Management | |
| |
| |
| Obtaining the Working Directory | |
| |
| |
| Changing the Current Directory | |
| |
| |
| Making a New Directory | |
| |
| |
| Removing a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Opening a Directory for Searching | |
| |
| |
| Closing a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Searching a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Rewinding to the Start of a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Saving Position Within a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Restoring Position Within a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Scanning a Directory | |
| |
| |
| Walking a Directory Structure | |
| |
| |
| Changing Your Root Directory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temporary Files and Process Cleanup | |
| |
| |
| Creating Temporary Files | |
| |
| |
| Making Files Temporary | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Library Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
| UNIX Command-Line Processing | |
| |
| |
| Command-Line Conventions | |
| |
| |
| Arguments That Look Like Options | |
| |
| |
| The getopt(3) Function | |
| |
| |
| The getsubopt(3) Function | |
| |
| |
| GNU Long Options Extension | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversion Functions | |
| |
| |
| Simple Conversion Functions | |
| |
| |
| Using sscanf(3) for Conversion and Validation | |
| |
| |
| The strtol(3) and strtoul(3) Functions | |
| |
| |
| Large Integer Conversions | |
| |
| |
| BSD strtoq(3) and strtouq(3) Functions | |
| |
| |
| The strtod(3) Function | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| UNIX Date and Time Facilities | |
| |
| |
| Time Zones | |
| |
| |
| Defining the Date and Time Data Type | |
| |
| |
| Time Conversion Functions | |
| |
| |
| Customizing Date and Time Formats with strftime(3) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| User, Password, and Group Management | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to UNIX User Management | |
| |
| |
| The getuid(2) and geteuid(2) Functions | |
| |
| |
| The getgid(2) and getegid(2) Functions | |
| |
| |
| Real, Effective, and Saved User ID | |
| |
| |
| Setting User ID | |
| |
| |
| Setting Group ID | |
| |
| |
| The FreeBSD Function issetugid(2) | |
| |
| |
| The /etc/passwd File | |
| |
| |
| The Password Database Routines | |
| |
| |
| The Group Database | |
| |
| |
| Related Re-entrant Functions | |
| |
| |
| Supplementary Groups | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Static and Shared Libraries | |
| |
| |
| The Static Library | |
| |
| |
| The Shared Library | |
| |
| |
| Comparing Static and Shared Libraries | |
| |
| |
| Dynamic Library Loading | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Database Library Routines | |
| |
| |
| The NDBM Database | |
| |
| |
| An NDBM Database Example | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Signals | |
| |
| |
| Understanding UNIX Signals | |
| |
| |
| Reliable and Unreliable Signals | |
| |
| |
| The Unreliable signal(3) API | |
| |
| |
| The Reliable Signal API | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Signals | |
| |
| |
| Applying the alarm(3) Function | |
| |
| |
| Calling Functions from a Signal Handler | |
| |
| |
| Applying the EINTR Error Code | |
| |
| |
| Raising Signals | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Efficient I/O Scheduling | |
| |
| |
| Non-Blocking I/O | |
| |
| |
| I/O Scheduling Functions | |
| |
| |
| I/O Polling | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Timers | |
| |
| |
| The Sleep Functions | |
| |
| |
| Interval Timer Functions | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pipes and Processes | |
| |
| |
| UNIX Pipes | |
| |
| |
| External Processes Without Pipes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Forked Processes | |
| |
| |
| Overview of the UNIX Fork Process | |
| |
| |
| The fork(2) Function | |
| |
| |
| Waiting for Process Completion | |
| |
| |
| Executing New Programs | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pattern Matching | |
| |
| |
| Shell Patterns | |
| |
| |
| String Pattern Functions | |
| |
| |
| The glob(3) Function | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Regular Expressions | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Regular Expressions | |
| |
| |
| The Regular Expression Library | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interprocess Communication Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Types of IPC | |
| |
| |
| The Message Queue | |
| |
| |
| Shared Memory | |
| |
| |
| Semaphores | |
| |
| |
| Referencing IPC Resources | |
| |
| |
| Destroying IPC Resources | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Message Queues | |
| |
| |
| Controlling a Message Queue | |
| |
| |
| Sending and Receiving Messages | |
| |
| |
| Applying Message Queues | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semaphores | |
| |
| |
| Semaphore Utility Program | |
| |
| |
| Creating and Accessing Semaphore Sets | |
| |
| |
| Destroying Semaphore Sets | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Semaphores | |
| |
| |
| Using Semaphores | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shared Memory | |
| |
| |
| The globvar Utility Program | |
| |
| |
| Shared Memory System Calls | |
| |
| |
| Using Shared Memory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memory-Mapped Files | |
| |
| |
| Determining the Page Size | |
| |
| |
| Creating Memory Mappings | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Memory-Mapped Regions | |
| |
| |
| Destroying Memory Mappings | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| X Window Programming | |
| |
| |
| Event-Driven Programming | |
| |
| |
| An Xlib Client Program | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Index | |