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Preface | |
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About this book | |
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Phonetics in a nutshell | |
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The structure of this book | |
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Terminology | |
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Demonstrations and exercises | |
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Articulatory Phonetics | |
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Phonation at the larynx | |
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Basic articulatory terms | |
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The articulation of consonants | |
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The articulation of vowels | |
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Phonetic Transcription | |
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Consonants | |
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Vowels | |
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Diacritics and other symbols | |
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Transcription of General American English | |
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Place and Manner of Articulation of Consonants and Vowels | |
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Consonants | |
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Additional manners of articulation | |
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Vowels | |
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Secondary articulations | |
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Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus | |
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The subglottal system: lungs, bronchi, and trachea | |
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Structure and function of the larynx | |
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Vocal tract | |
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Airstream Mechanisms and Phonation Types | |
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Airstream mechanisms | |
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Phonation types | |
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Voicing, voicelessness, and aspiration in plosives | |
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Common and rare sounds | |
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Basic Acoustics | |
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Sound waves | |
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Measuring sound waves | |
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Acoustic dimensions and their units of measurement | |
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Analysis Methods for Speech Sounds | |
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Digitizing acoustic signals | |
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Types of acoustic signals | |
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Analyzing acoustic signals | |
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The Source-filter Theory of Speech Production | |
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Resonance | |
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Damping | |
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Filters | |
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Source and filter of the vocal apparatus | |
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Formants | |
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Acoustic Characteristics of Speech Sounds | |
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Vowels | |
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Consonants | |
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Summary | |
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Variability and invariance | |
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Syllables and Suprasegmentals | |
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Syllables | |
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Stress | |
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Length | |
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Tone and Intonation | |
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Physiology and Psychophysics of Hearing | |
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The external ear | |
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The middle ear | |
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The inner ear | |
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The structure of the basilar membrane | |
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Sound localization | |
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Auditory frequency scales | |
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Auditory loudness scales | |
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Auditory time scales | |
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Speech Perception | |
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Vowels | |
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Consonants | |
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Contributions of the Motor Theory of Speech Perception | |
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The role of linguistic experience in speech perception | |
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Summary | |
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Mass, force, and pressure | |
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Energy, power, and intensity | |
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The decibel (dB) | |
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Physical terminology | |
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Mathematical notations | |
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Formant values | |
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Fundamental frequency values | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Index | |