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| Preface | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Intellectual Context | |
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| The Shape of Late Medieval Religious Thought | |
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| The Rise of Lay Religion | |
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| The Crisis of Authority Within the Church | |
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| The Development of Doctrinal Diversity | |
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| Forerunners of the Reformation | |
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| Humanism and the Reformation | |
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| Humanism: The Problem of Definition | |
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| Characteristic Features of Northern European Humanism | |
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| Humanism and the Origins of the Reformed Church | |
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| Humanism and the Origins of the Lutheran Church | |
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| Late Medieval Theology and the Reformation | |
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| Nominalism: The Problem of Definition | |
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| Via Moderna | |
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| Schola Augustiniana Moderna | |
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| Late Medieval Theology and the Origins of Reformed Theology | |
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| Late Medieval Theology and the Origins of Lutheran Theology | |
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| Sources and Methods | |
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| Scripture: Translation, Text, and Tradition | |
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| The Medieval Consensus on the Theological Priority of Scripture | |
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| The Vulgate Translation of the Bible | |
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| The Humanist Return Ad Fontes | |
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| The Critique of the Vulgate | |
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| The Concept of Tradition | |
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| The Principle Sola Scriptura | |
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| The Interpretation of Scripture | |
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| Scholasticism: The Fourfold Sense of Scripture | |
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| Humanism: The Letter and the Spirit | |
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| Hermeneutics and the Origins of the Reformed Church | |
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| Hermeneutics and the Origins of the Lutheran Church | |
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| The Patristic Testimony | |
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| The Scholastic Reception of Augustine | |
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| The Humanist Reception of Augustine | |
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| The Patristic Testimony and the Origins of the Reformed Church | |
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| The Patristic Testimony and the Origins of the Lutheran Church | |
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| Conclusion: The Intellectual Heterogeneity of the Early Reformation | |
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| Notes | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Index | |