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| Introduction | |
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| "Language" and "Language Change": Preliminaries | |
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| What is "Language"? | |
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| Synchronic "Language" vs. Diachronic "Language" | |
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| "Language" as a Synchronic Object | |
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| "Language" as a Diachronic Object | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| Linguistic Artifacts: Philology | |
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| Objects vs. "Texts" | |
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| "Texts" and "Languages" | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| What is a "Descent" Relationship? | |
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| The Nature of Linguistic "Descent" | |
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| Further Remarks on "Change" | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| Phonological Change | |
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| Galilean-Style Phonology | |
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| The Grammar, Production, and Perception | |
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| What is a "Phonological Object"? | |
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| Phonological Change | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| The Traditional Approach | |
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| Marshallese Historical Phonology | |
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| Summary of Marshallese Developments from Proto-Micronesian | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| In-Depth Consideration of Selected Issues | |
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| Phonetics, Phonology, and Sound Change I: The Marshallese Velars | |
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| A Digression on the History of Research | |
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| Phonetics, Phonology, and Sound Change II: The Marshallese Vowels | |
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| Phonological Change without Phonetic Change | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| The Regularity of Sound Change | |
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| The Neogrammarian Hypothesis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| Syntactic Change | |
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| What is Syntactic Change? | |
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| "Regular" Syntactic Change | |
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| Some Comments on Lightfoot's Model of Parametric Change | |
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| "Lies, Damn Lies, and Statistics": Some Models of Variation and Change | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| The Diachrony of Clitics: Phonology and Syntax | |
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| Wackernagel's Law: Traditional Diachronic Syntax | |
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| What Can('t) be a Clitic? | |
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| What Can('t) be a "Syntactic" Clitic? | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| Reconstruction Methodology | |
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| Reconstruction Methodology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Genetic Hypothesis | |
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| Trivial vs. Nontrivial Innovations | |
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| Subgrouping | |
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| Democracy and Reconstruction: Is "Majority Rules" a Principle? | |
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| Recent Criticisms | |
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| "Realist" and "Formalist" Views of Reconstruction | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Synchronic and Diachronic Linguistics | |
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| The Mirage of Apparent Identity | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions and Issues | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |