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| The Spread of the Reformation | |
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| The Evidence: Martin Luther's | |
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| sermon in Erfurt, Germany, 1521 | |
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| Three 16th-century hymns Illustrations by Matthias Gerung, 1546 | |
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| Woodcuts by Lucas Cranach and an unknown artist of religious pamphlets | |
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| Anonymous German pamphlet, 1523 | |
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| Staging Absolutism | |
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| The Evidence: Jean Bodin | |
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| The Six Books of the Republic, 1576 | |
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| Jacques B?nigne Bossuet | |
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| Politics Drawn from the Very | |
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| Words of the Holy Scriptures, 1678 | |
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| The Duke of Saint-Simon on the Reign of Louis XIV | |
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| Royal portraits | |
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| The Mask of Apollo Engravings of Louis XIV as Roman | |
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| Emperor in Carousel of 1662 | |
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| Illustrations of Versailles and Marly | |
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| The Mind of an Age | |
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| Science and Religion Confront | |
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| Eighteenth-Century Natural Disaster | |
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| The Evidence: Gabriel Malagrida and John Wesley on the cause of the Lisbon earthquake | |
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| Voltaire on Newtonian physics, 1733 | |
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| Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man, 1734 | |
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| Observation, from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, ca.1765 | |
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| Natural History, General and Specific | |
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| Leclerc Poem on the Lisbon Disaster, by Voltaire and a letter to Voltaire from Jean-Jacques | |
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| Rousseau regarding the poem | |
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| "The Essay on Miracles," 1748 | |
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| The System of Nature Paul-Henry Thiry, Baron d'Holbach, 1770 | |
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| European Material Life, 1600-1800 | |
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| The Evidence: Spring Agricultural | |
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| Labor from a fifteenth-century | |
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| French book of hours, Jean, Duc de Berry | |
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| Table of agricultural yields, 1600-1820 | |
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| The Effects of Harvest Failure | |
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| A Meal of Gruel in a Dutch Peasant Family, 1653 | |
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| A Peasant Kitchen with an Open Fire in the South Tyrol | |
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| Baltic grain exports, 1562-1650 | |
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| Exports of slaves from Africa | |
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| Sugar imports in France, England, and Wales | |
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| Imports of groceries into England and Wales, 1559-1800 | |
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| Illustration, "The Coffee House Patriots | |
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| or News from St. Eusatia," 1781 | |
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| Value of wardrobes and linen, Paris, 1700-1789 | |
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| "The Grumbling Hive: or, Knaves Turn'd Honest," | |
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| Bernard Mandeville Tables of ownership of consumer goods | |
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| A Day in the French Revolution: July 14, 1789 | |
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| The Evidence | |
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| The Bastille as a Symbol | |
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| The M?moires of Simon-Nicolas-Henri Linguet | |
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| Photograph of the rue du Fer-?-Moulin, 1870 | |
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| Floor plan of a typical residential building in Faubourg | |
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| st.-Antoine Graphs depicting wheat prices in Paris and France in the eighteenth century | |
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| Table of bread and wage earner's budget | |
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| Map of Paris by economic circumstances of residents, 1790 | |
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| Table of the trades of the Bastille insurgents, 1789 | |
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| Marguerite Painaigre's petition to the French National | |
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| Assembly Travel account, Arthur Young, 1789 | |
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| Duke of Dorset's report on Paris to the Foreign | |
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| Office in London | |
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| Labor Old and New | |
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| The Impact of the Industrial Revolution | |
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| The Evidence: Sabastien Le Prestre de Vaubans description of agricultural labor in France, about 1700 | |
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| Testimony of an agricultural worker's wife and former factory worker, 1842 | |
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| List of holidays during the work year in 17th-century Lille | |
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| France Guild regulations in the Prussian woolen industry, 1797 | |
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| La Rochefoucauld describes the putting-out system in Rouen, France, 1781-1783 | |
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| Scenes of weaving in Germany and England | |
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| Luddite labor protest in Yorkshire, 1812 | |
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| Rules for workers in the foundry and engineering works of the Royal Overseas | |
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| Trading Company, Berlin, 1844 | |
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| Apprenticeship contract for young women employed in the silk mills of Tarare, France, 1850s | |
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| Report of the Sadler Committee, 1832 | |
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| Working conditions of a female textile worker in Germany, 1880s and 1890s | |
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| Report on the employment of children in three British mines, 1841-1842 | |
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| Two Programs for Social and Political Change | |
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| Liberalism and Socialism | |
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| The Evidence | |
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| Alexis de Tocqueville's views on history | |
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| The problems of democracy, revolution | |
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| Ideals of government | |
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| Karl Marx's writings on history from | |
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| The Communist Manifesto | |
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| The Revolution of 1848 in Paris | |
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| Ideals of government and economy | |
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| Vienna and Paris, 1850-1930 | |
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| The Development of the Modern City The Evidence | |
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| Illustrations of Vienna and Paris in the 1850s, leather workers on the Bi?vre River | |
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| Paris Drawing and photograph of the Viennese Ringstrasse | |
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| Maps of Paris and photographs of the construction of and the completed | |
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| Avenue de l'Opera Illustrations of Ringstrasse apartment building | |
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| Paris apartment building | |
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| Floor plan of Paris apartment building | |
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| Illustrations of the Prater, Vienna | |
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| The Buttes-Chaumont Park, Paris | |
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| 19th-century working-class Paris suburb | |
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| the Lemoine Forges in 1881 | |
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| Vienna workers tenement, early 20th century | |
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| Viennese S-Bahn and station | |
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| Parisian bus and tramway stop in 1936 | |
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| Photographs of Karl Marx Hof in Vienna | |
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| Floor plan of Parisian low-cost housing, and photograph of Viennese Kongressbad | |
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| Expansion and Public Opinion | |
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| Advocates of the "New Imperialism" The Evidence | |
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| Friedrich Farbi's Bedarf Deutschland der Kolonien?, 1879 | |
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| Letter urging British possession of the New Hebrides, 1883 | |
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| Jules Ferry's appeal to the French to build the second colonial empire, 1890 | |
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| Joseph Chamberlain's speech to the West Birmingham Relief Association, 1894 | |
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| Ferdinando Martini, from Cose affricane, 1897 | |
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| G.W. Steevens on the Sudan, 1898 | |
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| Women in Russian Revolutionary Movements The Evidence: From the Memoirs of Elizabeta Kovalskaia, Moscow, 1926 | |
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| Olga Liubatovich, Moscow, 1906 | |
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| Praskovia Ivanoskaia, Moscow, 1926 and Eva Broido, Berlin, 1926 | |
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| Alexandra Kollontai, Towards a History of the Working | |
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| Women's Movement in Russia, 1920 | |
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| Petition to the Duma, 1906 | |
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| Petition to the Provisional Government, 1917 | |
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| Alexandra Kollontai, "In the Front Line of Fire," Pravda, 1917 And from the pamphlet "Working Woman and Mother," 1914 | |
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| World War I | |
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| Total War The Evidence | |
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| World War I verse | |
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| The Front Lines, German infantry attack, 1912 | |
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| British infantry going "Over the Top" in an attack on Kemmel Hill, April, 1918 | |
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| Under Fire, by Henri Barbusse, 1916 | |
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| Erich Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, 1928 | |
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| Verse by Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen | |
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| Letter from a former German student serving in France, 1914 | |
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| Vera Brittain's account of a London air raid, 1917 | |
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| German wartime civilian rations, 1918 | |
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| Report on French public opinion in the Department of the Is?re | |
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| Tables depicting the employment of women in wartime | |
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| British industry and estimated military casualties by nation | |
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| Selling a Totalitarian System | |
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| The Evidence | |
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| Excerpts from Hitler's Mein Kampf | |
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| Directives for the presidential campaign of 1932 | |
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| Adolf Hitler's S.A Order 111, 1926 | |
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| Photographs of Regensburg S.A. banners and S.A. propaganda rally in Spandau, 1932 | |
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| Report of a Nazi meeting held in a heavily communist quarter of Berlin, February 1927 | |
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| Political posters from 1924 and 1932 | |
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| Photograph of a National Socialist rally in the Berlin | |
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| Sports Palace, 1930 | |
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| Verses from The Horst Wessel Song | |
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| Otto Dietrich's description of Hitler's campaign by airplane, 1932 | |
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| Text from a Nazi pamphlet, ca. 1932 | |
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| Graph depicting types and amounts of political violence in Northeim, Germany, 1930-1932 | |
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| My Part in Germany's Fight | |
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| Report on the problem of stemming the spread of Nazi ideas in the Protestant youth movement, 1931 | |
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| William L. Shirer's reactions to the Nazi party rally at Nuremberg, 1934 | |
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| The Perils of Prosperity | |
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| The Unrest of Youth in the 1960s The Evidence | |
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| Pamphlet of the March 22 Movement | |
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| Leaflet issued by student and worker groups in France in 1968 | |
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| Slogans of the Sorbonne Occupation Committee, May 16, 1968 | |
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| French political posters and cartoons | |
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| "Ten Commandments for a Young Czechoslovak Intellectual," | |
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| March 1968 | |
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| " Wherefrom, with Whom, and Whither?" | |
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| The action program of the Communist | |
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| Party of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian political cartoons | |
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| The European Nation State and Regional Ethnic | |
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| Nationalism The Evidence: Douglas Hyde on the revival of Gaelic, 1892 | |
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| Significant European Regional Ethnic Minorities, ca. 1989 | |
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| "The End of One France" Excerpts from the Finnish | |
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| Constitution Luis N??ez Astrain | |
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| "The KAS Alternative," 1978 | |
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| Map of the USSR, 1989 | |
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| Ethnic composition of the Soviet Union's successor states | |
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| Anna Politkovskaya, "Monsters and Human Beings," 1999 | |
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| Map of national and ethnic minorities in the former Yugoslavia | |
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| Emir Suljagic, "Ethnic Cleansing" in Bosnia, 1992 | |