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| Early Modern Europe | |
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| The Rise of Modernity | |
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| The Humanists' Fascination with Antiquity Petrarch | |
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| The Father of Humanism Leonardo Bruni | |
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| Study of Greek Literature and a Humanist Educational Program | |
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| Break with Medieval Political Theory Niccol? | |
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| Machiavelli: The Prince | |
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| The Lutheran Reformation Martin Luther | |
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| On Papal Power, Justification by Faith, the Interpretation of the Bible, and the Nature of the Clergy | |
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| Justification of Absolute Monarchy Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan | |
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| The Triumph of Constitutional Monarchy in England | |
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| The Glorious Revolution | |
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| The English Declaration of Rights | |
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| Intellectual Revolutions | |
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| Expanding the New Astronomy Galileo Galilei | |
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| The Starry Messenger Galileo Galilei | |
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| Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems--Ptolemaic and Copernican | |
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| The Autonomy of the Mind Ren? | |
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| Descartes: Discourse on Method | |
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| The Mechanical Universe Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica | |
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| Political Liberty John Locke | |
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| Second Treatise on Government Thomas Jefferson | |
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| Declaration of Independence | |
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| Attack on Religion Voltaire | |
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| A Plea for Tolerance and Reason Thomas Paine | |
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| The Age of Reason | |
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| Compendium of Knowledge Denis Diderot | |
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| Encyclopedia | |
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| Humanitarianism Caesare Beccaria | |
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| On Crime and Punishments Denis Diderot | |
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| Encyclopedia | |
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| "Men and Their Liberty Are Not Objects of Commerce..." | |
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| Literature as Satire | |
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| Critiques of European Society Voltaire | |
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| Candide Denis Diderot | |
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| Supplement to the Voyage of Bouganville | |
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| Modern Europe | |
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| Era of the French Revolution | |
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| Abuses of the Old Regime Grievances of the Third Estate Emmanuel Siey?s | |
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| Bourgeois Disdain for Special Privileges of the Aristocracy | |
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| Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens | |
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| Expansion of Human Rights Mary Wollstonecraft | |
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| Vindication of the Rights of Woman Society of the Friends of Blacks | |
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| Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Petition of the Jews of Paris, Alsace, and Lorraine to the National Assembly, January 28, 1790 | |
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| The Jacobin Regime Maximilien Robespierre | |
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| Republic of Virtue General Louis de Ligni?res Turreau | |
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| Uprising in the Vend?e | |
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| Napoleon | |
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| Destroyer and Preserver of the Revolution Napoleon Bonaparte | |
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| Leader, General, Tyrant, Reformer | |
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| The Industrial Revolution | |
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| Early Industrialization Edward Baines | |
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| Britain's Industrial Advantages and the Factory System | |
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| The New Science of Political Economy Adam Smith | |
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| The Wealth of Nations Thomas R. Malthus | |
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| On the Principle of Population | |
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| The Capitalist Ethic Samuel Smiles | |
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| Self-Help and Thrift | |
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| The Dark Side of Industrialization Sadler Commission | |
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| Report on Child Labor | |
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| Factory Discipline Factory Rules | |
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| Romanticism, Reaction, Revolution | |
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| Romanticism William Wordsworth | |
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| "Tables Turned" William Blake: "Milton" | |
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| Conservatism Edmund Burke | |
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| Reflections on the Revolution in France Klemens von Metternich | |
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| The Odious Ideas of the Philosophes | |
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| Liberalism John Stuart Mill: On Liberty | |
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| The Rise of Modern Nationalism Ernst Moritz Arndt | |
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| The War of Liberation Giuseppe Mazzini: Young Italy | |
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| 1848: The Year of Revolutions Alexis de Tocqueville | |
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| The June Days | |
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| Culture, Society, and Politics, 1850-1914 | |
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| Realism in Literature Charles Dickens: Hard Times | |
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| Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin: Natural Selection | |
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| The Socialist Revolution Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Communist Manifesto | |
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| The Lower Classes William Booth: In Darkest England | |
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| Feminism and Antifeminism John Stuart Mill: The Subjection of Women | |
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| The Goncourt Brothers: On Female Inferiority | |
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| Almroth E. Wright: The Unexpurgated Case Against Woman Suffrage | |
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| Anti-Semitism: Regression to the Irrational | |
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| Hermann Ahlwardt: The Semitic Versus the Teutonic Race | |
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| Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State | |
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| The Spirit of British Imperialism Cecil Rhodes: Confession of Faith | |
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| Joseph Chamberlain: The British Empire | |
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| Colonial Commerce and "The White Man's Burden" | |
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| Karl Pearson: Social Darwinism | |
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| Imperialism Justified by Nature | |
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| The Overman and the Will to Power Friedrich Nietzsche | |
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| The Will to Power and The Antichrist | |
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| The Unconscious Sigmund Freud | |
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| Civilization and Its Discontents | |
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| Western Civilization in Crisis | |
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| World War I | |
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| Militarism Heinrich von Treitschke | |
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| The Greatness of War Friedrich von Bernhardi | |
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| Germany and the Next War | |
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| Pan-Serbism: Nationalism and Terrorism The Black Hand | |
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| War as Celebration | |
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| The Mood in European Capitals Roland Doregel?s | |
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| Paris: "That Fabulous Day" | |
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| Stefan Zweig: Vienna | |
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| "The Rushing Feeling of Fraternity" | |
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| Trench Warfare Erich Maria Remarque | |
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| All Quiet on the Western Front | |
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| The Paris Peace Conference Georges Clemenceau | |
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| French Demands for Security and Revenge | |
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| The Bolshevik Revolution N.N. Sukhanov: Trotsky Arouses the People | |
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| V.I. Lenin: The Call to Power | |
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| The War and European Consciousness Paul Val?ry: Disillusionment | |
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| Erich Maria Remarque: The Lost Generation | |
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| Era of Totalitarianism | |
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| Modernize or Perish Joseph Stalin: The Hard Line | |
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| Forced Collectivization Lev Kopelev: Terror in the Countryside | |
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| Soviet Indoctrination A.O. Avdienko: The Cult of Stalin | |
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| Yevgeny Yevtushenko: Literature as Propaganda | |
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| Stalin's Terror Nikita S. Khrushchev: Khrushchev's Secret Speech | |
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| Lev Razgon: True Stories | |
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| The Rise of Italian Fascism Benito Mussolini: Fascist Doctrines | |
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| The Rise of Nazism Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf Kurt G.W. Ludecke | |
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| The Demagogic Orator | |
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| The Leader-State Ernst Huber: "The Authority of the F?hrer Is...All-Inclusive and Unlimited" | |
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| The Nazification of Culture and Society Johannes Stark | |
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| "Jewish Science" Versus "German Science" Jakob Graf | |
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| Hereditary and Racial Biology for Students Louis P. Lochner: Book Burning | |
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| Persecution of the Jews Marta Appel: Memoirs of a German Jewish Woman | |
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| World War II | |
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| The Anschluss, March 1938 Stefan Zweig: The World of Yesterday | |
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| The Munich Agreement Neville Chamberlain | |
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| In Defense of Appeasement Winston Churchill: "A Disaster of the First Magnitude" | |
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| World War II Begins Adolf Hitler: "Poland Will Be Depopulated and Settled with Germans" | |
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| The Fall of France Heinz Guderian: "French Leadership...Could Not Grasp the Significance of the Tank in Mobile Warfare" | |
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| The Battle of Britain Winston Churchill: "Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat" | |
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| Nazi Propaganda: for Volk, F?hrer, and Fatherland The Indoctrination of the German Soldier | |
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| Stalingrad: A Turning Point William Hoffman | |
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| Diary of a German Soldier Joachim Wieder: Memories and Reassessments | |
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| The Holocaust Hermann Graebe: Slaughter of Jews in the Ukraine | |
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| Rudolf Hoess: Commandant of Auschwitz Y. Pfeffer | |
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| Concentration Camp Life and Death | |
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| D-Day, June 6, 1944 Historical Division | |
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| War Department: Omaha Beachhead | |
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| Western Europe: The Dawn of a New Era | |
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| The Aftermath: Devastation and Demoralization Stephen Spender | |
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| European Witness | |
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| The Cold War Winston Churchill: The "Iron Curtain" | |
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| Communist Repression Milovan Djilas: The New Class Andor Heller | |
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| The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 | |
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| Germany Confronts Its Past Hannah Vogt: The Burden of Guilt | |
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| The Contemporary World | |
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| The West in an Age of Globalism | |
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| The Collapse of Communism Vaclav Havel: The Failure of Communism | |
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| Globalization: Patterns and Problems Fareed Zakaria | |
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| "Democracy Has Its Dark Sides" | |
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| Radical Islamic Terrorism Abbas Amanat: "Empowered Through Violence | |
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| The Reinvention of Islamic Extremism" The Economist: "Martyrdom and Murder" | |
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| Enlargement of the European Union Bertie Ahern, "Enlargement Is About Opening Minds as Well as Borders" | |