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| The Ancient Western Heritage | |
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| Nature in Ancient Civilizations | |
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| The Cosmos of Plato and Aristotle | |
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| The Greek Heritage in Natural Philosophy | |
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| After Aristotle | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Problem with Ptolemy's Equant | |
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| Learning in the Middle Ages | |
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| Transmission of Greek Learning to the Near East | |
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| Revitalization of Intellectual Pursuits in the West | |
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| The Assimilation of Ancient Knowledge of Nature | |
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| The Nature of Science: Delimiting Faith and Reason | |
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| Late Medieval | |
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| Natural Philosophy | |
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| Early Modern Innovations | |
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| Recasting the Medieval Intellectual Heritage | |
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| The Nature of Science: Magic and Science | |
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| The Impact of Printing | |
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| Expanding Geographical Horizons | |
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| The Renaissance of Natural Knowledge Humanism | |
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| The Study of the Human Body | |
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| Natural History: Animals, Vegetables, Minerals | |
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| The World of Copernicus | |
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| The Nature of Science: Osiander and the Motion of the Earth | |
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| Heliocentrism Considered | |
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| The Immediate Reception of Copernican Heliocentrism | |
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| Tycho Brahe and the Copernican Theory | |
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| Johannes Kepler's Heliocentrism | |
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| The Nature of Science: Science and Mysticism | |
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| The Status of Heliocentrism | |
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| Galileo Galilei: Heliocentrism Gains a Champion | |
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| Galileo's Early Career | |
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| The Nature of Science: Mathematics and Nature Court Philosopher | |
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| The Path to Conflict Last Years | |
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| Natural Philosophy | |
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| Transformed British Conceptions | |
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| French Ideas on Matter and Motion | |
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| The Question of Materialism | |
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| The Mechanical Philosophy in Britain | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Vulnerability of Experiment | |
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| A Scientific Revolution? | |
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| Isaac Newton: A Highpoint of Scientific Change | |
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| The Background to Newton's Achievement | |
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| Newton's Central Interests | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Status of Newton's Proof | |
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| Fame and Power | |
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| The Newtonianism, the Earth, and the Universe During the Eighteenth Century | |
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| The Rise of Newtonianism | |
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| An Expanding Cosmos | |
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| The Nature of Science: Was Newton Right About Hypotheses? | |
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| The Earth as a Cosmic Body | |
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| The Emergence of Chemical Science "Chymistry" in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| German Rational Chemistry | |
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| British Contributors | |
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| The New French Chemistry | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Challenge of Objectivity | |
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| The Nature of Electrical Fire | |
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| The Historical Legacy of Electricity and Magnetism | |
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| Gathering Information: Early Eighteenth-Century Experiments | |
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| Erecting Theories: What Is Electricity? | |
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| The Nature of Science: Must Theories Be Faultless to Succeed? | |
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| The Organization and Growth of Living Things | |
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| How Living Things Are Arranged | |
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| The World of Carl Linnaeus | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Subtleties of Classification | |
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| New Ideas Challenging the Fixity of Species | |
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| How Living Things Grow | |
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| Understanding and Treating Illness Healers in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| Understanding Health and Disease | |
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| New Directions in Medicine | |
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| The Nature of Science: Why Mesmerism Failed | |
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| Medicine and the New Century | |
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| The Watershed of the Enlightenment | |
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| The Transformation of Life and Society Enlightenment | |
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| Intellectual Culture | |
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| The Fate of Reason | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Fate of the Enlightenment Agenda | |
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| The End of the Enlightenment | |
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| Science, Revolution, and Reaction | |
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| Weathering the Storm in France | |
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| The Reaction to Eighteenth-Century Change | |
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| The Nature of Science: Do Investigators of Nature See What They're Looking For? | |
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| An Era of Many Forces | |
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| Investigating Nature's Mysterious Forces | |
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| The Nature of Science: Lasting Disagreements in Science | |
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| New Institutions of Natural Science | |
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| New Ideas About Life and Its Past | |
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| The Romantic Understanding of the History of Living Things | |
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| Evolutionary Controversies in France | |
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| The Nature of Science: Purpose, Mechanism, and Law in Science | |
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| British Catastrophism | |
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| Evolution Comes into Its Own | |
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| Charles Darwin's Early Life and Education | |
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| A Formative Period for Evolution | |
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| The Making of Darwin's Origin | |
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| The Nature of Science: Cultural Influence on the Formation of Theory | |
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| The Aftermath of the Origin | |
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| The Immediate Reception of the Origin of Species | |
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| Scientific Objections to Darwin's Theory | |
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| Religious Considerations | |
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| The Nature of Science: Evolution, God, and Nature | |
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| Implications for Social and Political Philosophy | |
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| Matter, Energy, and the Emerging Spirit of Realism | |
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| New Directions in Understanding Matter | |
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| Thermodynamics and the Future | |
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| The Power of Classical Mechanics | |
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| The Nature of Science: How Seriously Should We Take Models? | |
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| The Flowering of Scientific | |
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| Materialism Medicine Becomes Scientific | |
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| An Age of Realism | |
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| The Erosion of Realism | |
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| The Changing Structure of Order | |
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| The Enigma of the Ether | |
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| Unrealistic Radiation | |
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| The Nature of Science: Is Light a Particle? | |
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| The Changing Contours of Biology | |
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| The New Physiology | |
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| Heredity Reconsidered | |
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| Competing Ideas of Evolution | |
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| The Nature of Science: Evolution Versus Natural Selection | |
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| Turn-of-the-Century | |
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| Debates About Darwinism | |
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| The Synthesis of Biological Issues | |
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| Genetics and the Resurgence of Darwinism | |
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| The Nature of Science: Idea and Reality in Population | |
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| Thinking Human Evolution | |
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| The Rejection of Lamarckism Molecular Biology | |
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| Earth in the Balance | |
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| The Earth's Dynamic Surface | |
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| Framing a Science of Ecology | |
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| The Nature of Science: Are Humans the Problem and the Solution? | |
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| Environmental Science Comes of Age | |
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| The Changing Worlds of the Large and Small | |
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| A Changing Universe | |
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| The Quantum Mechanical Explanation of the Atom | |
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| The Nature of Science: Quantum Mechanics and the Nature of Knowledge Toward a More Dangerous World | |
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| The Nuclear Age | |
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| The Path to the Atomic Bomb | |
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| The Politics of High Energy | |
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| The Nature of Science: Science and Morality | |
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| Nuclear Fears | |
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| Ongoing Issues | |
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| The Physical Sciences | |
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| The Biological Sciences | |
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| Understanding the Nature of Science | |
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| The Nature of Science: The Science Wars | |
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| The Challenge Ahead | |