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| Note: Each chapter concludes with Putting It All Together, Chapter Summary, Key Terms, Review Questions, and Practice Problems | |
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| Introduction to Psychological Research | |
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| Introduction to the Scientific Method | |
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| Introduction (Or Why Am I Here?) | |
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| The Scientific Method | |
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| The Goals of Psychological Research Scientific Hypotheses | |
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| The Flaws in Scientific Research | |
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| The Logic of Designing and Interpreting Research | |
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| Beginning the Design: Asking the Question | |
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| Testing a Hypothesis by Discovering a Relationship | |
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| The Role of Statistical Procedures | |
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| Summary of the Flow of a Study Experimental Research Methods | |
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| Descriptive Research Methods | |
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| Understanding Reliability and Validity | |
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| Designing an Example Study | |
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| Critically Evaluating the Study | |
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| Understanding Reliability | |
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| Understanding Validity | |
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| Minimizing Threats to Validity and Reliability | |
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| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Descriptive Studies | |
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| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Experiments | |
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| Design Issues and Ethical Concerns in Experiments | |
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| Two Example Studies | |
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| Designing the Independent Variable | |
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| Designing the Dependent Variable | |
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| Controlling Extraneous Variables | |
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| Demand Characteristics | |
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| Research Involving Animals Research Ethics | |
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| Design Issues and Ethical Concerns in Descriptive Research | |
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| The Uses of Descriptive Research | |
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| Observational Studies | |
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| Field Surveys | |
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| Types of Sampling Techniques | |
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| Designing Interviews and Questionnaires | |
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| Ethical Issues in Descriptive Research | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Summarizing Research | |
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| Using Frequency Distributions and Percentiles | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Types of Measurement Scales | |
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| Creating Simple Frequency Distributions | |
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| Types of Simple Frequency Distributions | |
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| Creating Relative Frequency Distributions | |
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| Types of Relative Frequency Distributions | |
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| Computing Percentile | |
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| A Word About Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Summarizing Research Using Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding Central Tendency | |
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| The Mode | |
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| The Median | |
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| The Mean | |
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| Using the Mean in Research Summarizing | |
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| Research Using Central Tendency | |
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| Designing a Powerful Experiment | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Summarizing Research Using Measures of Variability | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding Variability | |
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| Describing the Sample Variance | |
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| Describing the Sample Standard Deviation | |
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| The Population Standard Deviation and the Population Variance | |
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| Variance as the Error in Predictions | |
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| Summarizing Research Using the Mean and Standard Deviation | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Summarizing Research Using z-Scores | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding z-Scores | |
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| Interpreting z-Scores: The z-Distribution | |
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| Using the z-Distribution to Compare | |
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| Different Distributions | |
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| Using the z-Distribution to Describe Individual Scores | |
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| Using z-Scores to Describe Sample Means | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Correlational Research and Correlational Statistics | |
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| Correlational Research and the Correlation Coefficient | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding Correlational Research | |
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| Distinguishing Characteristics of Correlational Analysis | |
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| Types of Relationships | |
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| Strength of the Relationship Using the Correlation Coefficient in Research | |
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| Computing the Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Creating a Powerful Correlational Design | |
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| Correlations in the Population | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Using Linear Regression to Predict Scores | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding Linear Regression | |
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| The Linear Regression Equation | |
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| Describing Errors in Prediction | |
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| When Using the Linear Regression Equation Predicting Variability: The Proportion of Variance Accounted | |
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| For A Word About Multiple Correlation and Regression | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Introduction to Inferential Statistics | |
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| Probability and Making Decisions | |
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| About Chance Events More Statistical Notation | |
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| The Logic of Probability | |
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| Computing Probability | |
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| Obtaining Probability From the Standard Normal Curve | |
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| Making Decisions Based on Probability | |
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| Making Decisions About a Sample Mean | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Overview of Statistical Hypothesis | |
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| Testing: The z-Test | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| The Role of Inferential Statistics in Research | |
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| Setting Up Inferential Procedures | |
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| Testing a Mean When sX is Known: The z-Test Interpreting zobt | |
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| Summary of Statistical Hypothesis | |
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| Testing The One-Tailed Test | |
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| Errors in Statistical Decision Making | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| The Single-Sample Study: Testing a Sample Mean or Correlation Coefficient | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Understanding the t-Test for a Single-Sample Mean | |
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| Calculating the Single-Sample t-Test | |
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| Estimating the Population m by Computing a Confidence Interval | |
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| Summary of the t-Test | |
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| Significance Tests for Correlation Coefficients | |
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| Summary of Testing a Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Maximizing the Power of the t-Test and Correlation Coefficient | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Designing and Analyzing Two-Sample Experiments | |
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| The Two-Sample Between-Subjects Experiment and the Independent-Samples t-Test | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Designing the Two-Sample Experiment | |
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| Controlling Participant Variables in a Between-Subjects | |
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| Design The Independent-Samples t-Test | |
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| Describing the Relationship in a Two-Sample Experiment | |
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| Power and the Independent Samples t-Test | |
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| Eliminating Participants from the Data | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| The Two-Sample Within-Subjects Experiment and the Dependent-Samples t-Test | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Designs That Directly Control Participant Variables | |
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| Choosing a Design | |
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| The Dependent-Samples t-Test Power and the Dependent-Samples t-Test | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Designing and Analyzing Complex Experiments | |
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| The One-Way Between-Subjects Experiment and the One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| Designing Multilevel Experiments | |
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| Overview of ANOVA | |
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| Components of the F-Statistic | |
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| Computing the F-Ratio | |
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| Performing Post Hoc Comparisons | |
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| Summary of the Steps in Performing a One-Way ANOVA | |
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| Describing the Relationship in a One-Way ANOVA Power and the ANOVA | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| The Two-Way Between-Subjects Experiment and the Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| More Statistical Notation | |
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| The Reason for Multifactor Studies | |
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| Overview of the Two-Way ANOVA | |
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| Computing the Two-Way ANOVA | |
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| Interpreting the Two-Way Experiment | |
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| Summary of the Steps in Performing a Two-Way ANOVA | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Within-Subjects Experiments and Other Multifactor Designs | |
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| Controlling Participant Variables in Complex Designs | |
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| The One-Way Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance | |
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| The Two-Way Within-Subjects Design | |
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| The Two-Way Mixed Design | |
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| The Three-Way Design | |
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| The Test for Homogeneity of Variance: The Fmax Test | |
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| Other Ways to Compare the Means in a Factorial Design | |
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| Going Beyond the Analysis of Variance | |
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| APA Format for Statistical Notation | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| Alternative Approaches to Design and Analysis | |
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| Quasi-Experiments and Single-Subject Designs | |
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| Understanding Quasi-Experiments | |
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| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
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| Involving Participant Variables | |
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| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
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| Involving Environmental Ev | |