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Preface | |
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Basic Concepts of Measurement | |
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Measurement | |
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Levels of Measurement | |
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True and Error Scores | |
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Reliability and Validity | |
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Measurement Bias | |
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Exercises | |
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Probability | |
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About Formulas | |
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Basic Definitions | |
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Defining Probability | |
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Bayes's Theorem | |
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Enough Exposition, Let's Do Some Statistics! | |
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Exercises | |
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Data Management | |
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An Approach, Not a Set of Recipes | |
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The Chain of Command | |
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Codebooks | |
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The Rectangular Data File | |
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Spreadsheets and Relational Databases | |
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Inspecting a New Data File | |
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String and Numeric Data | |
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Missing Data | |
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Descriptive Statistics and Graphics | |
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Populations and Samples | |
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Measures of Central Tendency | |
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Measures of Dispersion | |
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Outliers | |
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Graphic Methods | |
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Bar Charts | |
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Bivariate Charts | |
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Exercises | |
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Research Design | |
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Observational Studies | |
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Experimental Studies | |
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Gathering Experimental Data | |
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Inference and Threats to Validity | |
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Eliminating Bias | |
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Example Experimental Design | |
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Critiquing Statistics Presented by Others | |
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The Misuse of Statistics | |
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Common Problems | |
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Quick Checklist | |
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Research Design | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Inferential Statistics | |
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Inferential Statistics | |
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Probability Distributions | |
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Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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Populations and Samples | |
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The Central Limit Theorem | |
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Hypothesis Testing | |
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Confidence Intervals | |
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p-values | |
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Data Transformations | |
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Exercises | |
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The t-Test | |
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The t Distribution | |
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t-Tests | |
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One-Sample t-Test | |
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Two-Sample t-Test | |
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Repeated Measures t-Test | |
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Unequal Variance t-Test | |
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Effect Size and Power | |
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Exercises | |
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The Correlation Coefficient | |
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Measuring Association | |
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Graphing Associations Through Scatterplots | |
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Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient | |
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Coefficient of Determination | |
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Spearman Rank-Order Coefficient | |
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Advanced Techniques | |
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Categorical Data | |
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The R x C Table | |
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The Chi-Square Distribution | |
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The Chi-Square Test | |
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Fisher's Exact Test | |
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McNemar's Test for Matched Pairs | |
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Correlation Statistics for Categorical Data | |
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The Likert and Semantic Differential Scales | |
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Exercises | |
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Nonparametric Statistics | |
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Nonnormal Data | |
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Between Subjects Designs | |
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Within-Subjects Designs | |
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Exercises | |
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Introduction to the General Linear Model | |
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The General Linear Model | |
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Linear Regression | |
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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | |
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Exercises | |
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Extensions of Analysis of Variance | |
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Factorial ANOVA | |
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MANOVA | |
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ANCOVA | |
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Repeated Measures ANOVA | |
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Mixed Designs | |
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Multiple Linear Regression | |
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Multiple Regression Models | |
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Common Problems with Multiple Regression | |
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Exercises | |
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Other Types of Regression | |
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Logistic Regression | |
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Logarithmic Transformations | |
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Polynomial Regression | |
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Overfitting | |
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Other Statistical Techniques | |
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Factor Analysis | |
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Cluster Analysis | |
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Discriminant Function Analysis | |
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Multidimensional Scaling | |
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Business and Quality Improvement Statistics | |
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Index Numbers | |
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Time Series | |
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Decision Analysis | |
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Quality Improvement | |
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Exercises | |
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Medical and Epidemiological Statistics | |
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Measures of Disease Frequency | |
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Ratio, Proportion, and Rate | |
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Prevalence and Incidence | |
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Crude, Category-Specific, and Standardized Rates | |
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The Risk Ratio | |
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The Odds Ratio | |
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Confounding, Stratified Analysis, and the Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio | |
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Power Analysis | |
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Sample Size Calculations | |
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Exercises | |
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Educational and Psychological Statistics | |
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Percentiles | |
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Standardized Scores | |
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Test Construction | |
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Classical Test Theory: The True Score Model | |
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Reliability of a Composite Test | |
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Measures of Internal Consistency | |
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Item Analysis | |
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Item Response Theory | |
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Exercises | |
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Review of Basic Mathematics | |
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Introduction to Statistical Packages | |
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References | |
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Index | |