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| Preface and acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historiographical traditions in the world: a view of the eighteenth century | |
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| Where we begin? | |
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| Transcultural comparisons | |
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| Characteristics of historiographical thought in different cultures | |
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| The West | |
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| Characteristics of Western historiography | |
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| The emergence of an Enlightenment worldview | |
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| Erudition and critical historical scholarship | |
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| Enlightenment historiography | |
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| German forms of Enlightenment | |
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| The emergence of a republic of letters | |
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| From universal history to Eurocentric ideas of progress | |
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| Concluding observations | |
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| The Middle East | |
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| The rise of Islam and the origin of Muslim historiography | |
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| Main styles in Muslim historiography | |
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| The bureaucratization and secularization of historiography | |
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| The decline of the Muslim world and Muslim historiography? | |
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| India | |
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| Western views on Indian historical consciousness | |
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| Indian forms of historical writing | |
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| Social and intellectual transformations during the early modern period | |
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| East and South East Asia | |
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| Shamanism and history: the origin of the 'shi' | |
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| The formation of Confucian historiography | |
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| The History Bureau and dynastic history | |
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| The spread and influence of dynastic historiography | |
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| 'To seek the truth from facts': the rise of evidential learning | |
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| The advance of nationalism and nationalist history: the West, the Middle East and India in the nineteenth century | |
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| Historiography in a revolutionary age between 1789 and 1848 | |
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| The political context | |
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| Romanticism and historiography | |
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| The impact of emergent nationalism on historiography | |
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| The relationship between professional scholarship and nationalism | |
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| The liberal reinterpretation of the Middle Ages | |
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| The colonial perspective and historiography | |
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| The decline of liberalism in historiography | |
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| Ideas of progress and of crisis | |
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| Hegel's philosophy of history | |
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| Nationalism and the transformation of Muslim historiography | |
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| The Muslim 'discovery' of Europe | |
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| Whose pharaohs? - (re)writing the history of Egypt | |
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| National identity and historical writing | |
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| Bridging the old and the new: the 'encyclopedists' and the 'neo-chroniclers' | |
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| Nationalism and the transformation of Indian historiography | |
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| Historiography during early colonialism | |
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| The new pedagogy and the emergence of a modern historical consciousness | |
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| Religious revivalism and the search for a glorious past | |
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| The birth of the rationalist paradigm | |
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| The birth of the nationalist paradigm | |
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| Nationalism, communalism and historical writing | |
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| Secular narratives and the emergence of economic nationalism | |
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| Academic history and the nineteenth-century shaping of the historical profession: transforming historical study in the West and in East Asia | |
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| The cult of science and the nation-state paradigm (1848-90) | |
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| The political context of historiography | |
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| The social context of historiography | |
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| The turn to 'scientific' history | |
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| The crisis of Confucian historiography and the establishment of the modern historical profession in East Asia | |
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| Accommodating the Western influence | |
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| Civilization and history: a new worldview | |
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| The interplay of the old and the new | |
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| George Zerffi, Ludwig Riess and the Rankean influence in Japan | |
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| Japan's 'Orient' and the changing of the Sinitic world | |
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| Historical writings in the shadow of two world wars: the crisis of historicism and modern historiography | |
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| The reorientation of historical studies and historical thought (1890-1914) | |
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| The changing political and cultural climate | |
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| The challenge to traditional historiography | |
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| The existential crisis of modern civilization | |
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| Historiography between two world wars (1918-39) | |
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| The historians in World War I | |
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| The critique of rationality and modernity and the defenders of the enlightenment | |
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| The appeal of nationalist history around the world: historical studies in the Middle East and Asia in the twentieth century | |
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| Ottomanism, Turkism and Egyptianization: nationalist history in the Middle East | |
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| The rise of modern education | |
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| Writing Turkish history in/for modern Turkey | |
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| The Egyptianization of historical writing | |
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| Academic history and national politics | |
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| Nationalism, scientism, and Marxism: modern historiography in East and South East Asia | |
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| 'New historiography' in China | |
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| The tension between national history and scientific history | |
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| Modifying the Rankean model: national history in Japan | |
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| Myth and history: in search of the origin of the Korean nation | |
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| War and revolution: the appeal of Marxist historiography | |
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| Nationalist historiography in modern India | |
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| Late nineteenth-century antecedents: romantic nationalism | |
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| The role of religion in nationalist historiography | |
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| The nation as history and history as science | |
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| The romance of the local and the emergence of alternative narratives | |
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| The nation re-imagined: the Nehruvian synthesis | |
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| Post-independence historiography: old and new trajectories | |
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| Towards a social science history | |
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| New challenges in the post-war period: from social history to postmodernism and postcolonialism | |
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| The Cold War and the emergence of the new world order | |
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| Varieties of social history (1945-68/70) in the West | |
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| The United States: from consensus to the New Left | |
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| France: the Annales | |
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| Germany: from Historismus to a critical historical social science | |
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| Marxist historiography between orthodoxy and new directions | |
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| The 1970s and 1980s: the cultural turn and postmodernism | |
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| From social science history to the cultural turn | |
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| Micro-history, the history of everyday life, and historical anthropology | |
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| Oral history and the history of memory | |
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| The 'history workshop' movement | |
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| Feminist and gender history | |
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| Postcolonialism | |
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| The Subaltern Studies | |
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| Latin America: from Dependencia theory to Subaltern Studies | |
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| The emergence of modern historiography in-Sub-Saharan Africa | |
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| Postmodernism and the linguistic turn | |
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| The rise of Islamism and the ebb of Marxism: historical writings in late twentieth-century Asia and the Middle East | |
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| The ebb and flow of Marxist historiography in East and South East Asia | |
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| Reinventing Japan: post-war reform of historical education and writing | |
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| The dominance of Marxist historiography in the People's Republic of China | |
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| Challenges to Marxist historiography and Eurocentrism | |
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| Between Marxism and nationalism: academic history in Vietnam | |
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| The resurgence of national history | |
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| The Annales School, postmodernism and new changes in Japanese historiography | |
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| China's search for alternatives to Marxist historiography | |
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| Islamism and Islamic historiography: the Cold War and beyond | |
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| Globalizing Islamic historiography | |
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| The interplay of history and historiography | |
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| Edward Said and the critique of Orientalism | |
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| The appeal of Marxism and socialism | |
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| The Islamic revival: Islamism and nationalism | |
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| History and politics: the challenges to nationalist historiography | |
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| Historiography after the Cold War, 1990-2007: a critical retrospect | |
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| The globalization of the world | |
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| The reorientation of historical studies | |
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| The cultural and the linguistic turn | |
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| Feminist and gender history | |
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| Redefining the alliance between history and the social sciences | |
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| New challenges to nationalist history | |
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| World history, global History and history of globalization | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Index | |