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| Preface | |
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| Table Of Contents | |
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| Contents in Brief | |
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| Contents in Detail | |
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| The Basics of Social Research | |
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| An Introduction to Inquiry | |
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| Human Inquiry and Science | |
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| Paradigms, Theory, and Research | |
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| The Idea of Causation in Social Research | |
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| The Structuring of Inquiry | |
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| Research Design | |
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| Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement | |
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| Indexes, Scales, and Typologies | |
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| The Logic of Sampling | |
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| Modes of Observation: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches | |
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| The Ethical Dimension of Research | |
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| Experiments | |
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| Survey Research | |
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| Unobtrusive Measures | |
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| Field Research | |
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| Qualitative Interviewing | |
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| Evaluation Research | |
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| Analysis of Data | |
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| Qualitative Data Analysis | |
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| Quantifying Data | |
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| Elementary Quantitative Analysis, the Elaboration Model, and Social Statistics | |
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| Contents in Detail | |
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| Preface | |
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| Prologue | |
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| An Introduction to Inquiry | |
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| Human Inquiry and Science | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Looking for Reality | |
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| The Foundations of Social Science | |
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| Some Dialectics of Social Research | |
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| The Ethics of Social Research | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Paradigms, Theory, and Research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Social Science Paradigms | |
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| Elements of Social Theory | |
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| Two Logical Systems Revisited | |
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| Deductive Theory Construction | |
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| Inductive Theory Construction | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| The Idea of Causation in Social Research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Determinism and Social Science | |
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| Causation in Idiographic and Nomothetic Models of Explanation | |
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| Criteria for Causality | |
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| Errors in Reasoning about Causation | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| The Structuring of Inquiry | |
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| Research Design | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Purposes of Research | |
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| Units of Analysis | |
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| The Time Dimension | |
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| How to Design a Research Project | |
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| The Research Proposal | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measuring Anything That Exists | |
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| Conceptualization | |
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| Definitions in Descriptive and Explanatory Studies | |
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| Operational Choices | |
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| Criteria for Measurement Quality | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Indexes, Scales, and Typologies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Indexes versus Scales | |
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| Index Construction | |
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| Scale Construction | |
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| Typologies | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| The Logic of Sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Brief History of Sampling | |
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| Nonprobability Sampling | |
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| The Logic of Probability Sampling | |
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| Sampling Concepts and Terminology | |
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| Probability Sampling Theory and Sampling Distribution | |
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| Populations and Sampling Frames | |
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| Types of Sampling Designs | |
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| Illustration: Sampling University Students | |
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| Multistage Cluster Sampling | |
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| Illustration: Sampling Churchwomen | |
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| Probability Sampling in Review | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Modes of Observation: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Ethical Dimension of Research | |
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| Experiments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Topics Appropriate to Experiments | |
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| The Classical Experiment | |
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| Selecting Subjects | |
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| Variations on Experimental Design | |
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| An Illustration of Experimentation | |
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| "Natural" Experiments | |
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| Ethical Considerations | |
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| Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Survey Research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Topics Appropriate to Survey Research | |
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| Guidelines for Asking Questions | |
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| Questionnaire Construction | |
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| Self-Administered Questionnaires | |
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| Interview Surveys | |
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| Telephone Surveys | |
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| New Technologies | |
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| Comparison of the Different Survey Methods | |
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| Strengths and Weaknesses of Survey Research | |
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| Secondary Analysis | |
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| Main Points | |
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| Review Questions and Exercises | |
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| Continuity Project | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Unobtr | |