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| Introduction | |
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| Reasons for Using Good Arguments | |
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| Goals of the Text | |
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| A Code of Intellectual Conduct | |
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| An Effective Procedural Standard | |
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| An Important Ethical Standard | |
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| A Code of Conduct for Effective Discussion | |
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| The Fallibility Principle | |
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| The Truth-Seeking Principle | |
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| The Clarity Principle | |
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| The Burden of Proof Principle | |
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| The Principle of Charity | |
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| The Structural Principle | |
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| The Relevance Principle | |
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| The Acceptability Principle | |
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| The Sufficiency Principle | |
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| The Rebuttal Principle | |
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| The Resolution Principle | |
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| The Suspension of Judgment Principle | |
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| The Reconsideration Principle | |
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| The Fallibility Principle | |
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| The Truth-Seeking Principle | |
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| The Clarity Principle | |
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| Assignments | |
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| What is an Argument? | |
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| An Argument Is a Claim Supported by Other Claims | |
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| Distinguishing Argument from Opinion | |
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| The Burden of Proof Principle | |
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| The Standard Form of an Argument | |
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| The Principle of Charity | |
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| Deductive Versus Inductive Strength of Arguments | |
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| Moral Arguments Have a Moral Premise | |
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| Making the Moral Premise Explicit | |
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| Assignments | |
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| What is a Good Argument? | |
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| A Good Argument Must Meet Five Criteria | |
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| The Structural Principle | |
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| The Relevance Principle | |
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| The Acceptability Principle | |
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| Criteria of Acceptability | |
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| Conditions of Unacceptability | |
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| The Sufficiency Principle | |
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| The Rebuttal Principle | |
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| Making Arguments Stronger | |
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| Applying the Criteria to Arguments | |
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| The Resolution Principle | |
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| The Suspension of Judgment Principle | |
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| The Reconsideration Principle | |
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| Assignments | |
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| What is a Fallacy? | |
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| A Fallacy Is a Violation of a Criterion of a Good Argument | |
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| Named Versus Unnamed Fallacies | |
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| Organization of the Fallacies | |
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| Attacking the Fallacy | |
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| Rules of the Game | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies That Violate the Structural Criterion | |
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| Begging-the-Question Fallacies | |
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| Arguing in a Circle | |
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| Question-Begging Language | |
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| Complex Question | |
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| Question-Begging Definition | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies of Inconsistency | |
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| Incompatible Premises | |
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| Contradiction Between Premise and Conclusion | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies of Deductive Inference | |
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| Denying the Antecedent | |
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| Affirming the Consequent | |
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| False Conversion | |
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| Undistributed Middle Term | |
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| Illicit Distribution of an End Term | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies that Violate the Relevance Criterion | |
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| Fallacies of Irrelevance | |
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| Irrelevant Authority | |
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| Appeal to Common Opinion | |
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| Genetic Fallacy | |
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| Rationalization | |
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| Drawing the Wrong Conclusion | |
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| Using the Wrong Reasons | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Irrelevant Emotional Appeals | |
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| Appeal to Force or Threat | |
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| Appeal to Tradition | |
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| Appeal to Self-Interest | |
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| Playing to the Gallery | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies that Violate the Acceptability Criterion | |
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| Fallacies of Linguistic Confusion | |
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| Equivocation | |
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| Ambiguity | |
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| Misleading Accent | |
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| Illicit Contrast | |
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| Argument by Innuendo | |
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| Misuse of a Vague Expression | |
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| Distinction Without a Difference | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Unwarranted Assumption Fallacies | |
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| Fallacy of the Continuum | |
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| Fallacy of Composition | |
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| Fallacy of Division | |
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| False Alternatives | |
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| Is-Ought Fallacy | |
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| Wishful Thinking | |
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| Misuse of a Principle | |
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| Fallacy of the Mean | |
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| Faulty Analogy | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies that Violate the Sufficiency Criterion | |
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| Fallacies of Missing Evidence | |
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| Insufficient Sample | |
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| Unrepresentative Data | |
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| Arguing from Ignorance | |
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| Contrary-to-Fact Hypothesis | |
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| Fallacy of Popular Wisdom | |
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| Special Pleading | |
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| Omission of Key Evidence | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Causal Fallacies | |
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| Confusion of a Necessary with a Sufficient Condition | |
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| Causal Oversimplification | |
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| Post Hoc Fallacy | |
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| Confusion of Cause and Effect | |
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| Neglect of a Common Cause | |
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| Domino Fallacy | |
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| Gambler's Fallacy | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies that Violate the Rebuttal Criterion | |
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| Fallacies of Counterevidence | |
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| Denying the Counterevidence | |
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| Ignoring the Counterevidence | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Ad Hominem Fallacies | |
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| Abusive Ad Hominem | |
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| Poisoning the Well | |
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| Two-Wrongs Fallacy | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Fallacies of Diversion | |
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| Attacking a Straw Man | |
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| Trivial Objections | |
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| Red Herring | |
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| Resort to Humor or Ridicule | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Writing the Argumentative Essay | |
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| Researching the Question | |
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| Stating Your Position | |
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| Arguing for Your Position | |
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| Rebutting Objections to Your Position | |
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| Resolving the Question | |
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| Sample Argumentative Essay | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Letter to Jim | |
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| Glossary of Fallacies | |
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| Answers to Selected Assignments | |
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| Index | |