Preface | |
Nutrition Basics | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 2 |
Principles of the Science of Nutrition | p. 2 |
Nutritional Assessment | p. 29 |
Public Food and Nutrition Programs | p. 31 |
Nationwide Priorities for Improvements in Nutritional Health | p. 31 |
Preconception Nutrition | p. 35 |
Introduction | p. 36 |
Preconception Overview | p. 36 |
Reproductive Physiology | p. 37 |
Sources of Disruptions in Fertility | p. 40 |
Nutrition-Related Disruptions in Fertility | p. 41 |
Nutrition and Contraceptives | p. 46 |
Other Preconceptual Nutrition Concerns | p. 47 |
Model Preconceptional Nutrition Programs | p. 49 |
Preconception Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 53 |
Introduction | p. 54 |
Premenstrual Syndrome | p. 54 |
Obesity and Fertility | p. 55 |
Eating Disorders and Fertility | p. 56 |
Diabetes Mellitus Prior to Pregnancy | p. 56 |
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | p. 58 |
Inborn Errors of Metabolism | p. 58 |
Nutrition During Pregnancy | p. 61 |
Introduction | p. 62 |
The Status of Pregnancy Outcomes | p. 62 |
Physiology of Pregnancy | p. 66 |
Embryonic and Fetal Growth and Development | p. 73 |
Pregnancy Weight Gain | p. 80 |
Nutrition and the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy | p. 83 |
Model Nutrition Programs for Risk Reduction in Pregnancy | p. 101 |
Nutrition During Pregnancy | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 107 |
Introduction | p. 108 |
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy | p. 108 |
Diabetes in Pregnancy | p. 113 |
Multifetal Pregnancies | p. 121 |
Hiv/Aids During Pregnancy | p. 127 |
Eating Disorders in Pregnancy | p. 129 |
Nutrition and Adolescent Pregnancy | p. 130 |
Evidence-Based Practice | p. 131 |
Nutrition During Lactation | p. 135 |
Introduction | p. 136 |
Benefits of Breastfeeding | p. 136 |
Breastfeeding Goals for the United States | p. 138 |
Lactation Physiology | p. 139 |
Breast Milk Supply and Demand | p. 142 |
Human Milk Composition | p. 144 |
The Breastfeeding Infant | p. 148 |
Maternal Diet | p. 151 |
Maternal Energy Balance and Milk Composition | p. 152 |
Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration | p. 154 |
Breastfeeding Promotion, Facilitation, and Support | p. 156 |
Public Food and Nutrition Programs | p. 160 |
Model Breastfeeding Promotion Programs | p. 162 |
Nutrition During Lactation | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 169 |
Introduction | p. 170 |
Common Breastfeeding Conditions | p. 170 |
Maternal Medications | p. 172 |
Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaundice | p. 177 |
Breastfeeding Multiples | p. 180 |
Infant Allergies | p. 180 |
Human Milk and Preterm Infants | p. 181 |
Medical Contraindications to Breastfeeding | p. 183 |
Human Milk Collection and Storage | p. 184 |
Model Programs | |
Infant Nutrition | p. 191 |
Introduction | p. 192 |
Assessing Newborn Health | p. 192 |
Infant Development | p. 194 |
Energy and Nutrient Needs | p. 197 |
Physical Growth | p. 200 |
Feeding in Early Infancy | p. 202 |
Development of Infant Feeding Skills | p. 203 |
Nutrition Guidance | p. 210 |
Common Nutritional Problems and Concerns | p. 211 |
Cross-Cultural Considerations | p. 215 |
Vegetarian Diets | p. 215 |
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction | p. 216 |
Infant Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 221 |
Introduction | p. 222 |
Infants at Risk | p. 222 |
Energy and Nutrient Needs | p. 223 |
Growth | p. 225 |
Common Nutrition Problems | p. 227 |
Preterm Infants and Infants with Special Health Care Needs | p. 229 |
Severe Preterm Birth | p. 229 |
Infants with Chronic Illness | p. 232 |
Feeding Problems | p. 235 |
Nutrition Interventions | p. 237 |
Nutrition Services | p. 238 |
Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition | p. 241 |
Introduction | p. 242 |
Tracking Toddler and Preschooler Health | p. 242 |
Normal Growth and Development | p. 242 |
Physiological and Cognitive Development | p. 244 |
Energy and Nutrient Needs | p. 250 |
Common Nutrition Problems | p. 252 |
Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders | p. 255 |
Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations | p. 258 |
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction | p. 264 |
Public Food and Nutrition Programs | |
Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 269 |
Introduction | p. 270 |
Who are Children with Special Health Care Needs? | p. 270 |
Nutrition Needs of Toddlers and Preschoolers with Chronic Conditions | p. 271 |
Growth Assessment | p. 272 |
Feeding Problems | p. 273 |
Nutrition-Related Conditions | p. 274 |
Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies | p. 278 |
Sources of Nutrition Services | p. 279 |
Child and Preadolescent Nutrition | p. 283 |
Introduction | p. 284 |
Tracking Child and Preadolescent Health | p. 284 |
Normal Growth and Development | p. 285 |
Physiological and Cognitive Development of School-Age Children | p. 286 |
Energy and Nutrient Needs of School-Age Children | p. 290 |
Common Nutrition Problems | p. 290 |
Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders in School-Age Children | p. 291 |
Dietary Recommendations | p. 295 |
Physical Activity Recommendations | p. 298 |
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction | p. 300 |
Public Food and Nutrition Programs | p. 301 |
Child and Preadolescent Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 307 |
Introduction | p. 308 |
"Children are Children First"--What Does That Mean? | p. 308 |
Nutrition Requirements of Children with Special Health Care Needs | p. 308 |
Growth Assessment | p. 310 |
Nutrition Recommendations | p. 311 |
Nutrition-Related Conditions | p. 314 |
Dietary Supplements and Herbal Remedies | p. 319 |
Sources of Nutrition Services | p. 319 |
Adolescent Nutrition | p. 325 |
Introduction | p. 326 |
Nutritional Needs in a Time of Change | p. 326 |
Normal Physical Growth and Development | p. 326 |
Normal Psychosocial Development | p. 329 |
Health and Eating-Related Behaviors During Adolescence | p. 330 |
Energy and Nutrient Requirements of Adolescents | p. 334 |
Nutrition Screening, Assessment, and Interventions | p. 340 |
Physical Activity and Sports | p. 346 |
Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors | p. 348 |
Discussion Points | p. 351 |
Adolescent Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 355 |
Introduction | p. 356 |
Overweight and Obesity | p. 356 |
Special Concerns Among Adolescent Athletes | p. 357 |
Adolescent Pregnancy | p. 360 |
Substance Use | p. 363 |
Dietary Supplements | p. 364 |
Iron Deficiency Anemia | p. 365 |
Hypertension | p. 365 |
Hyperlipidemia | p. 366 |
Eating Disorders | p. 367 |
Children and Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions | p. 373 |
Adult Nutrition | p. 383 |
Introduction | p. 384 |
Year 2010 Health Objectives | p. 384 |
Physiological Changes Overall | p. 384 |
Common Nutritional Concerns: Maintaining a Healthy Body | p. 387 |
Dietary Recommendations | p. 391 |
Nutrient Recommendations | p. 397 |
Physical Activity Recommendations | p. 403 |
Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction | p. 403 |
Adult Nutrition | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 409 |
Introduction | p. 410 |
Importance of Nutrition | p. 410 |
Heart Disease/Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) | p. 411 |
Overweight and Obesity | p. 417 |
Nutrition and the Elderly | p. 421 |
Introduction | p. 422 |
A Picture of the Aging Population: Relevant Vital Statistics | p. 423 |
Theories of Aging | p. 425 |
Physiological Changes | p. 426 |
Nutritional Risk Factors | p. 429 |
Dietary Recommendations | p. 431 |
Nutrient Recommendations | p. 433 |
Physical Activity Recommendations | p. 433 |
Nutrition Policy and Intervention for Risk Reduction | p. 444 |
Community Food and Nutrition Programs | p. 446 |
Nutrition and the Elderly | |
Conditions and Interventions | p. 451 |
Introduction | p. 452 |
Nutrition and Health | p. 452 |
Nutrition-Related Conditions | p. 452 |
Cancers | p. 455 |
Diabetes | p. 457 |
Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Metabolic Syndrome) | p. 460 |
Osteoporosis | p. 461 |
Oral Health | p. 465 |
Gastrointestinal Diseases | p. 466 |
Mental Health and Cognitive Disorders | p. 469 |
Obesity and Low Body Weight/Underweight | p. 470 |
Vitamin B[subscript 12] Deficiency | p. 471 |
Foodborne Illness and Food Safety | p. 473 |
Dehydration | p. 474 |
Bereavement | p. 476 |
CDC Growth Charts | p. 481 |
BMI Charts for Adults with Silhouettes | p. 489 |
Nutrient Intakes of Adults Aged 70 and Older | p. 490 |
Glossary | p. 491 |
Index | p. 499 |
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