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From Problem Solving to Solution Building | |
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Helping as Problem Solving | |
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The Stages of Problem Solving | |
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A Caveat: The Importance of Trust Development | |
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The Medical Model | |
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Problem Solving: The Paradigm of the Helping Professions | |
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Helping as Solution Building | |
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Concerns about the Problem-Solving Paradigm | |
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History of Solution Building | |
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Solution Building: The Basics | |
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A Second Interview with Rosie | |
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Solution-Building Interviewing Activities | |
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The Stages of Solution Building | |
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Describing the Problem | |
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Developing Well-Formed Goals | |
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Exploring for Exceptions | |
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End of Session Feedback | |
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Evaluating Client Progress | |
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The Client as Expert | |
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Skills for Not Knowing | |
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Basic Interviewing Skills | |
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Listening | |
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Formulating Questions | |
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Getting Details | |
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Echoing Clients' Key Words | |
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Open Questions | |
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Summarizing | |
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Paraphrasing | |
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Practitioners' Nonverbal Behavior | |
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The Use of Silence | |
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Noticing Clients' Nonverbal Behavior | |
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Self-Disclosing | |
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Noticing Process | |
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Complimenting | |
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Affirming Clients' Perceptions | |
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Natural Empathy | |
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Normalizing | |
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Returning the Focus to the Client | |
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Noticing Hints of Possibility | |
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Exploring Client Meanings | |
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Relationship Questions | |
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Amplifying Solution Talk | |
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Leading from One Step Behind | |
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Getting Started: How to Pay Attention to What the Client Wants | |
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When You First Meet Your Client | |
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Names and Small Talk | |
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Clarifying How You Work | |
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Problem Description | |
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Asking for Client Perceptions and Respecting Client Language | |
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How Does the Problem Affect the Client? | |
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What Has the Client Tried? | |
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What Is Most Important for the Client to Work on First? | |
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How to Work with Clients on What They Might Want | |
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Customer-Type Relationship | |
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A Word of Caution | |
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Complainant-Type Relationship | |
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Visitor-Type Relationship | |
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What if Clients Want What Is Not Good for Them? | |
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What if Clients Do Not Want Anything at All? | |
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Influencing Client Cooperation and Motivation | |
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How to Amplify What Clients Want: The Miracle Question | |
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Characteristics of Well-Formed Goals | |
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Importance to the Client | |
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Interactional Terms | |
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Situational Features | |
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The Presence of Some Desirable Behaviors Rather than the Absence of Problems | |
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A Beginning Step Rather than the Final Result | |
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Clients' Recognition of a Role for Themselves | |
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Concrete, Behavioral, Measurable Terms | |
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Realistic Terms | |
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A Challenge to the Client | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Miracle Question | |
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Ah Yan's Miracle Picture | |
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The Williams Family | |
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The Art of Interviewing for Well-Formed Goals | |
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Avoiding Premature Closure | |
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Exploring for Exceptions: Building on Client Strengths and Successes | |
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Exceptions | |
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Definition | |
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Interviewing for Exceptions | |
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Ah Yan's Exceptions | |
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Client Successes and Strengths | |
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Respecting the Client's Words and Frame of Reference | |
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Scaling Questions | |
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Presession-Change Scaling | |
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Scaling Motivation and Confidence | |
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Exceptions: The Williams Family | |
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Building toward a Difference that Makes a Difference | |
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Formulating Feedback for Clients | |
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Taking a Break | |
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The Structure of Feedback | |
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Compliments | |
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The Bridge | |
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Tasks | |
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Deciding on a Task | |
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Are There Well-Formed Goals? | |
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What Is the Client-Practitioner Relationship? | |
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Are There Exceptions? | |
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Feedback for Ah Yan | |
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Feedback for the Williams Family | |
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Feedback Guidelines | |
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Common Messages | |
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Client in a Visitor Relationship | |
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Client in a Complainant Relationship | |
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Client in a Customer Relationship | |
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Other Useful Messages | |
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The Overcoming-the-Urge Task | |
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Addressing Competing Views of the Solution | |
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Decisions about the Next Session | |
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Cribsheets, Protocols, and Notetaking | |
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Later Sessions: Finding, Amplifying, and Measuring Client Progress | |
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"What's Better?" | |
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EARS | |
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Ah Yan | |
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Doing More of the Same | |
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Scaling | |
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Scaling Progress | |
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Scaling Confidence | |
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Next Steps | |
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Termination | |
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The Break | |
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Feedback | |
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Compliments | |
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Bridge | |
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Task | |
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The Second Session with the Williams Family | |
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"What's Better?" | |
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Break | |
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Feedback | |
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Bridge | |
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Task | |
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Setbacks, Relapses, and Times When Nothing Is Better | |
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Conclusion | |
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Interviewing the Involuntary: Children, Dyads, and Mandated Clients | |
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Taking a Solution Focus | |
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Key Ideas for Solution Building with Involuntary Clients | |
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Assume a Visiting Relationship | |
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Responding to Anger and Negativity | |
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Listen for Who and What Are Important | |
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Use Relationship Questions to Address Context | |
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Incorporating Nonnegotiable Requirements | |
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Giving Control to Clients | |
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Guidelines, Useful Questions, and a Protocol for Interviewing Involuntary Clients | |
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Building Solutions with Children | |
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Children as Involuntary Clients | |
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Getting Prepared to Meet a Child | |
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Getting Started with Positives | |
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Enlisting Adults as Allies | |
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Getting the Child's Perceptions | |
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Other Tips for Interviewing Children | |
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Interviewing Dyads | |
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Focus on the Relationship | |
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Getting Started | |
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Work toward a Common Goal | |
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Other Tips | |
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Conclusion | |
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Working with Mandated Clients | |
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Getting Started | |
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Getting More Details about the Client's Understandings and What the Client Wants | |
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Asking about Context with Relationship Questions | |
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Coconstructing Competence | |
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Back on Familiar Ground | |
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What about Making Recommendations that the Client Opposes? | |
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Final Word | |
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Interviewing in Crisis Situations | |
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Solution Focus versus Problem Focus | |
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Getting Started: "How Can I Help?" | |
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"What Have You Tried?" | |
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"What Do You Want to Have Different?" | |
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Asking the Miracle Question | |
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Coping Questions | |
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The Case of Jermaine | |
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Coping Exploration | |
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Connecting with the Larger Picture | |
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Using Coping Questions with Clients Who Talk Suicide | |
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Scaling Questions | |
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Scaling Current Coping Ability | |
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Scaling Presession Coping Changes | |
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Scaling the Next Step | |
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Scaling Motivation and Confidence | |
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Feedback: Doing More of What Helps | |
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Gathering Problem-Assessment Information | |
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When the Client Remains Overwhelmed | |
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Conclusion | |
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Outcomes | |
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Early Research at Brief Family Therapy Center | |
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1992-1993 Study Design | |
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Participants | |
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Outcome Measurement | |
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Results | |
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Length of Services | |
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Intermediate Outcomes | |
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Final Outcomes | |
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Comparative Data | |
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Other Studies of Solution-Focused Therapy | |
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Professional Values and Human Diversity | |
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Solution Building and Professional Values | |
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Respecting Human Dignity | |
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Individualizing Service | |
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Fostering Client Vision | |
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Building on Strengths | |
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Encouraging Client Participation | |
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Maximizing Self-Determination | |
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Fostering Transferability | |
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Maximizing Client Empowerment | |
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Protecting Confidentiality | |
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Promoting Normalization | |
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Monitoring Change | |
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Conclusion | |
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Diversity-Competent Practice | |
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Outcome Data on Diversity | |
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Diversity and Satisfaction with Services | |
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Agency, Group, and Community Practice | |
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Solution Building and Agency Practice | |
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Recordkeeping | |
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Relationships with Colleagues | |
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Relationships with Collaterals | |
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Group and Organizational Practice | |
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Group Practice | |
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Organizational Applications | |
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Theoretical Implications | |
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Shifts in Client Perceptions and Definitions | |
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Social Constructionism | |
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Shifting Paradigms | |
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Outcome Data | |
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Shifting Perceptions and Definitions as a Client Strength | |
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Solution-Building Tools | |
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References | |
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Index | |