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| Preface | |
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| Note to Instructors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction: Making Moral Decisions | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The General Nature of Ethics | |
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| Ethics and Philosophy | |
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| Ethics, Law, and Religion | |
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| The Divisions of Ethics | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Value Theory | |
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| Moral and Nonmoral Values | |
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| Monistic and Pluralistic Theories of Value | |
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| Theories of Obligation | |
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| Moral Rules | |
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| Moral Principles | |
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| A Few More Concepts | |
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| Judging the Adequacy of Theories | |
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| Universality | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Simplicity | |
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| Ethical Relativism | |
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| Cultural Relativism | |
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| The Argument for Ethical Relativism | |
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| Consequentialism | |
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| Ethical Egoism | |
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| Evaluating Ethical Egoism | |
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| Psychological Egoism | |
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| Problems with Psychological Egoism | |
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| The Role of Selfishness in Ethics | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Act Utilitarianism | |
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| Rule Utilitarianism | |
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| Evaluating Utilitarianism | |
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| Deontology | |
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| The Ethics of Kant | |
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| The Good Will | |
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| Acting from Duty | |
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| Kant's Theory of Obligation | |
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| The Categorical Imperative | |
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| The First Formulation: Rules Must Be Universal | |
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| The Second Formulation: Respect for Persons | |
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| The Third Formulation: Respect for Autonomy | |
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| Evaluting the Ethics of Kant | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| Virtues and Obligations | |
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| Aristotle: The Good Life | |
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| The Golden Mean | |
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| Evaluating Virtue Ethics | |
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| Other Ethical Theories | |
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| Do No Harm | |
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| The Ethics of Rights | |
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| The Ethics of Care | |
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| Our Ethical Theory | |
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| A Theory of Obligation | |
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| The Nature of Right Action | |
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| Beneficence | |
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| Justice | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| The Definition of Right Action | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| Habitual | |
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| Factual | |
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| Conflict of Rules | |
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| Conflict of Principles | |
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| "Good Reasons" Arguments | |
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| Theory of Value | |
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| Moral Values | |
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| Obligations, Excellence, and Aspiration | |
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| Values and Obligations | |
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| The Primacy of an Ethics of Principles | |
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| Virtue Ethics Supplements an Ethics of Principles | |
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| The Role of Aspiration | |
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| Final Remarks on Ethical Theories | |
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| The Method of Ethics: Critical Thinking | |
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| The Elements of Critical Thinking | |
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| The Structure of Part 2 | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Moral Problems | |
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| Moral Problems Concerned with Life and Death | |
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| Capital Punishment | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case for Capital Punishment | |
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| The Case against Capital Punishment | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Abortion | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Personhood Question | |
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| The Abortion Question | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Evaluating the Abortion Arguments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Physician Assistance in Dying | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case for Physician Assistance in Dying | |
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| The Case against Physician Assistance in Dying | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Moral Problems Concerned with Social Justice | |
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| Justice at Home | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case against Affirmative Action | |
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| "Compensatory Justice" Case for Affirmative Action | |
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| The "Present Injustice" Case for Affirmative Action | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Global Justice | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case for the Neomalthusian View | |
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| The Case for the Humanitarian View | |
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| The Case for the Developmentalist View | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| The Moral Status of Animals | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case for the Conventional View | |
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| The Case for the Animal Welfare View | |
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| The Case for the Animal Rights View | |
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| The Case for the Animal Liberation View | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Moral Problems Concerned with Sex and Reproduction | |
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| Sex, Love, and Marriage | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case for the Liberal View | |
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| The Case for the Moderate View | |
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| The Case for the Conservative View | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| The Censorship of Pornography | |
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| The Problem | |
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| Clarifying Concepts | |
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| Formulating the Problem | |
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| Possible Solutions | |
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| Facts and Assumptions | |
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| Facts | |
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| Descriptive Ethics | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Points of View | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| The Case against Censorship | |
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| The Case for Censorship | |
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| Replies to Objections | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Theory | |
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| Your Evaluation | |
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| A Few Comments | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Another Perspective | |
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| Reproductive Technology | |
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| Types of Reproductive Technologies | |
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| Diagnostic Technologies | |
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| Fertility Technologies | |
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| Genetic Technologies | |
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| Some Moral Implications | |
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| General Moral Issues | |
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| Specific Moral Issues | |
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| The Morality of Human Cloning | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |