Overview of Moviemaking | p. 2 |
Cast and Crew | p. 2 |
Producing | p. 2 |
Writing | p. 3 |
Directing | p. 5 |
Acting | p. 6 |
Production Design | p. 7 |
Picture Creation | p. 8 |
Sound | p. 9 |
Editing | p. 10 |
Special and Visual Effects | p. 11 |
Other | p. 11 |
The Production Process | p. 12 |
The Traditional Film Production Model | p. 12 |
The Changing Nature of the Production Process | p. 14 |
Notes | p. 15 |
Planning the Movie | p. 16 |
Finding and Financing the Right Script | p. 16 |
Breaking Down the Script | p. 17 |
Scheduling | p. 19 |
Shooting Schedules | p. 20 |
Stripboards | p. 22 |
Production Schedules | p. 22 |
Call Sheets | p. 23 |
Budgeting | p. 25 |
Budgeting Procedures | p. 25 |
Budgeting a Student Production | p. 29 |
Casting | p. 32 |
Hiring Behind-the-Scenes Personnel | p. 33 |
Finding Locations | p. 35 |
Designing and Constructing Sets | p. 38 |
Designing Costumes, Wardrobe, Makeup, and Hairstyling | p. 39 |
Obtaining Props | p. 40 |
Developing Effects | p. 40 |
Planning Sound | p. 41 |
Acquiring and Checking Equipment | p. 41 |
Obtaining Rights | p. 41 |
Arranging Travel and Food | p. 42 |
Buying Insurance | p. 44 |
Notes | p. 44 |
Cameras | p. 46 |
Formats | p. 46 |
Film Formats | p. 46 |
Analog Video Formats | p. 47 |
Digital Video Formats | p. 48 |
High-Definition Video Formats | p. 49 |
Aspect Ratio | p. 51 |
Stock | p. 52 |
Film Stock | p. 52 |
Videotape | p. 53 |
Camera Construction | p. 54 |
Film Cameras | p. 54 |
Video Cameras | p. 55 |
Time Code | p. 55 |
Viewers | p. 56 |
Basic Camera Features | p. 57 |
Power | p. 57 |
Recording Controls | p. 57 |
Color Rendition | p. 58 |
Gain | p. 58 |
Shutter Speed | p. 58 |
Other Features | p. 58 |
Lenses | p. 59 |
Focal Length | p. 59 |
Focus | p. 60 |
Aperture | p. 61 |
Depth of Field | p. 61 |
Camera Supports | p. 62 |
Handheld Cameras | p. 62 |
Tripods | p. 63 |
Dollies and Cranes | p. 64 |
Connectors | p. 64 |
Care of Equipment | p. 65 |
Notes | p. 65 |
Approaches to Image Capturing | p. 68 |
Shot Determination | p. 68 |
The Basic Shots | p. 68 |
Subjective Shots | p. 69 |
Lens Selection | p. 70 |
Focal Length Characteristics | p. 70 |
Depth of Field | p. 71 |
Camera Angle | p. 72 |
Composing Within the Static Frame | p. 73 |
Manipulating the Mise-en-Scene | p. 73 |
Balance | p. 75 |
Creating Depth | p. 75 |
On-Screen/Off-Screen Space | p. 76 |
The Edge of the Frame | p. 76 |
The Moving Frame | p. 78 |
Camera Movements | p. 78 |
Zooming | p. 78 |
Time | p. 79 |
Color and Tonality | p. 79 |
Black and White or Color | p. 79 |
Color Considerations | p. 80 |
Shooting to Edit | p. 80 |
Shot Selection | p. 80 |
Shot Duration | p. 81 |
The Long Shot, Medium Shot, Close-Up Pattern | p. 82 |
Shooting for Continuity | p. 82 |
Now That You Know the Rules... | p. 84 |
Notes | p. 84 |
Lights and Filters | p. 86 |
Measuring the Light | p. 86 |
Incident Meters | p. 86 |
Reflected Light Meters | p. 86 |
Spot Meters | p. 87 |
Getting Correct Exposure | p. 87 |
Problems with Automatic Metering Systems | p. 88 |
Footcandles, F-Stops, and EI | p. 88 |
Contrast Range | p. 89 |
Using a Monitor to Help Evaluate Exposure | p. 90 |
Using a Waveform Monitor to Evaluate Exposure | p. 90 |
The Color of Light | p. 91 |
The Electromagnetic Spectrum | p. 91 |
The Kelvin Scale | p. 92 |
Tungsten and Daylight-Balanced Light | p. 92 |
Small-Scale Color Corrections | p. 93 |
The Vectorscope | p. 93 |
Filters for Film and Video | p. 94 |
Types of Filters | p. 94 |
Mounting Filters | p. 95 |
Compensating for Filters | p. 95 |
Care of Filters | p. 96 |
Artificial Lighting | p. 96 |
Types of Lamps | p. 96 |
Basic Lighting Instruments | p. 98 |
Mounting Equipment | p. 101 |
Controlling the Light | p. 101 |
Electric Power Requirements | p. 104 |
Lighting Safety | p. 105 |
Notes | p. 106 |
Approaches to Lighting | p. 108 |
Lighting Styles | p. 108 |
Basic Three-Point Lighting | p. 108 |
Comparison of Lighting for Film, SDTV, and HDTV | p. 110 |
Preparing to Light | p. 111 |
Outdoor Lighting | p. 112 |
Contrast Reduction | p. 113 |
Maintaining Continuity in Changing Light | p. 113 |
Shooting at Night | p. 114 |
Adapting to Weather Conditions | p. 114 |
Indoor Lighting | p. 115 |
Shooting in Available Light and Low Light | p. 115 |
Bounce Lighting | p. 116 |
Mixed Lighting | p. 116 |
Lighting for Movement | p. 117 |
Variations in Lighting | p. 120 |
Notes | p. 122 |
Microphones and Recorders | p. 124 |
The Nature of Sound | p. 124 |
Pitch and Frequency | p. 124 |
Loudness and Amplitude | p. 125 |
Timbre | p. 126 |
Duration | p. 126 |
Velocity | p. 126 |
Microphones | p. 127 |
Directionality | p. 127 |
Construction | p. 129 |
Positioning | p. 130 |
Cables and Connectors | p. 132 |
Balanced and Unbalanced Cables | p. 132 |
Connector Types | p. 132 |
Recorders | p. 133 |
Double System and Single System Sound Recording | p. 134 |
Types of Recorders | p. 135 |
Recording Methods | p. 136 |
Features of Sound Recorders | p. 136 |
Audio Mixers | p. 137 |
Care of Audio Equipment | p. 138 |
Notes | p. 138 |
Approaches to Sound Recording | p. 140 |
Elements of Microphone Pickup | p. 140 |
Presence | p. 140 |
Perspective | p. 141 |
Balance | p. 141 |
Continuity | p. 142 |
Eliminating Unwanted Noises | p. 142 |
Miking Dialogue | p. 143 |
Selecting the Mic | p. 143 |
Setting Up the Mics | p. 144 |
Special Dialogue Situations | p. 144 |
Miking Automatic Dialogue Replacement | p. 145 |
Miking Voice-Overs | p. 146 |
Miking Sound Effects | p. 147 |
Miking Foley | p. 147 |
Miking Ambient Sounds | p. 148 |
Miking Music | p. 149 |
Recording Techniques | p. 150 |
Notes | p. 151 |
Directing | p. 152 |
The Roles of the Director | p. 152 |
Working with the Script | p. 153 |
Working with the Writer | p. 155 |
Working with a Crew | p. 157 |
Hiring Crew | p. 157 |
Handling Crew | p. 157 |
Auditioning Actors | p. 159 |
Preliminaries | p. 159 |
The Process | p. 160 |
Rehearsing | p. 160 |
Early Rehearsing | p. 160 |
Ways to Improve Rehearsals | p. 161 |
Shooting | p. 162 |
A Typical Pattern | p. 162 |
Dailies | p. 164 |
Other Considerations | p. 165 |
Editing | p. 167 |
Notes | p. 169 |
Editing | p. 170 |
Making Material Computer Ready | p. 170 |
Film | p. 170 |
Analog Video | p. 172 |
Digital Video | p. 173 |
Setting Up the Computer | p. 173 |
Logging | p. 174 |
Capturing | p. 175 |
Cutting Clips Together | p. 176 |
Windows | p. 176 |
The Assembly Process | p. 177 |
Fine Tuning | p. 179 |
Adding Graphics | p. 180 |
Adding Transitions and Other Effects | p. 180 |
Useful Tools | p. 182 |
Outputting the Project | p. 183 |
Linear Editing | p. 185 |
Cuts-Only Editing | p. 185 |
More Advanced Linear Editing | p. 186 |
Notes | p. 186 |
Approaches to Editing | p. 188 |
Conventional Hollywood Patterns | p. 188 |
Editing in the Service of the Story | p. 189 |
Maintaining Continuity | p. 190 |
Using the Master Shot Method | p. 192 |
Ensuring Consistent Screen Direction | p. 195 |
Finding the Cutting Point | p. 197 |
Controlling Rhythm | p. 198 |
Manipulating Time and Space | p. 198 |
Creating Transitions | p. 200 |
Alternatives to Conventional Editing | p. 201 |
Montage Editing | p. 201 |
Time and Space Alterations | p. 202 |
Less Is More | p. 203 |
Dominant Elements | p. 203 |
Shot Ordering | p. 203 |
Notes | p. 204 |
Enhanced Audio, Graphics, and Visual Effects | p. 206 |
Audio | p. 206 |
Spotting | p. 206 |
Gathering and Recording | p. 209 |
Sweetening | p. 214 |
Positioning | p. 214 |
Mixing | p. 216 |
Graphics | p. 218 |
Software Programs | p. 218 |
Optical Titles | p. 219 |
Visual Effects | p. 220 |
Optical Visual Effects | p. 220 |
Computerized Visual Effects | p. 221 |
The Process for Creating Computerized Visual Effects | p. 223 |
Notes | p. 224 |
Approaches to Enhanced Audio, Graphics, and Visual Effects | p. 226 |
Audio | p. 226 |
Supplying Information | p. 226 |
Enhancing Reality and Fantasy | p. 229 |
Establishing Time, Place, and Character | p. 230 |
Creating Mood and Emotion | p. 231 |
Giving a Sense of Rhythm | p. 233 |
Directing Attention | p. 234 |
Relating to the Image | p. 235 |
Graphics | p. 236 |
Graphic Characteristics | p. 236 |
Structuring Graphics | p. 237 |
Visual Effects | p. 238 |
Notes | p. 240 |
The Final Stages of Moviemaking | p. 242 |
Transferring Back to Film | p. 242 |
Negative Cutting | p. 242 |
Preparing the Sound | p. 242 |
Incorporating Visual Effects | p. 243 |
Laboratory Work | p. 244 |
Film Projection | p. 246 |
Video Distribution | p. 247 |
Netcasting | p. 248 |
Festivals | p. 248 |
Other Possibilities | p. 249 |
Digital Cinema | p. 249 |
Notes | p. 251 |
Glossary | p. 252 |
Index | p. 265 |
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