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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is "Corrections"? | |
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| Philosophies of Punishment | |
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| Attitudes Toward Corrections | |
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| The Role of Criminological Theory | |
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| Corrections Programs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Notes | |
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| A Brief History of Punishments and Corrections | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Early History | |
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| The Age of Enlightenment, the State, and Criminal Sanctions | |
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| Prison Reform and Penitentiaries | |
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| The Pennsylvania System versus the Auburn System | |
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| Penitentiary Reform in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| From the Rehabilitative Ideal to the Justice Model | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Notes | |
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| Sentencing and Criminal Sanctions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sentencing: Who Decides? | |
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| Sentencing: What Are the Choices? | |
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| Sentencing: How Are Decisions Made? | |
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| Sentencing Strategies | |
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| After the Verdict | |
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| Appeals of Convictions | |
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| Special Sentencing Considerations for Juveniles | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Note | |
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| Jails and Detention Facilities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Brief History of Jails | |
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| Contemporary Jails and Detention Facilities | |
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| Jails and Women | |
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| Variations in Jail Use | |
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| The Physical Plant of Jails | |
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| The Administration of Jails | |
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| Jail Employees | |
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| Major Jail Issues | |
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| Other Local Detention Facilities | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Notes | |
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| Prison Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Prisons as Total Institutions | |
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| Prisoner Management and Related Issues | |
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| Prison Types and Functions | |
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| Prisons for Women | |
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| Prison Labor | |
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| Federal Prison System | |
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| State Prison Systems | |
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| Juvenile Corrections | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Notes | |
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| Inmates | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Prison Inmate Characteristics | |
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| Jail Inmate Characteristics | |
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| Prison and Jail Culture | |
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| Violence in Correctional Institutions | |
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| Juvenile Inmates | |
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| Inmate-Centered Issues | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Notes | |
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| Probation and Parole | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The History of Probation | |
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| Administration of Probation | |
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| Violation of Probation | |
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| Origins of Parole | |
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| Administration of Parole | |
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| Violation of Parole | |
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| Probation and Parole Officers | |
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| Probation and Parole Services Today | |
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| Probation and Aftercare for Juvenile Offenders | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Notes | |
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| Community Corrections | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Defining Community Corrections and Intermediate Punishments | |
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| Reentry Programs as "Community-Based Corrections" | |
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| Diversion | |
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| Fines, Forfeitures, and Restitution | |
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| Community Service | |
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| House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring | |
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| Community Alternatives for Juveniles | |
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| Issues in Community Corrections | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Staff Work World and Corrections Careers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Institutional Corrections | |
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| Probation and Parole Officers | |
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| Correctional Counselors | |
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| Community Corrections Personnel | |
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| Other Corrections Positions | |
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| Workplace Challenges | |
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| How to Find or Find Out About Jobs | |
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| Internships and Cooperative Education Experiences | |
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| Job Prospects for the Future | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Notes | |
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| Administration of Corrections Programs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Administration and Management | |
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| An Overview of Bureaucracy | |
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| Leadership Styles | |
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| Issues Facing Corrections Managers | |
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| Modern Management Tasks | |
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| Inmate Management | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Notes | |
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| Correctional Law and Inmate Litigation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The History of Correctional Litigation | |
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| Correctional Litigation and Post-Conviction Relief | |
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| Laws and Litigation Dealing with Probation and Parole | |
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| Issues Raised by Correctional Lawsuits | |
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| Recent Trends in Litigation by Prison and Jail Inmates | |
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| Capital Punishment and Prisoner Litigation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| The Future of Corrections | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Future Correctional Philosophies | |
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| Future Correctional Practices | |
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| Future Correctional Populations | |
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| Future Correctional Problems | |
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| Future Correctional Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Critical Review Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Cases Cited | |
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| Notes | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |