| Preface | p. vii |
| Moral Reasoning | |
| Moral Reasons | p. 3 |
| Moral Reasoning | p. 4 |
| Individual Morality and Social Morality | p. 5 |
| Ethical Relativism | p. 5 |
| Principles of Individual Morality | p. 7 |
| Principles of Social Morality | p. 14 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 23 |
| Aristotle, Moral Virtue | p. 24 |
| Immanuel Kant, Respect for Persons | p. 31 |
| John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism | p. 35 |
| Annette C. Baier, The Need for More than Justice | p. 40 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 47 |
| Web Sites | p. 47 |
| Good Reasoning | p. 49 |
| Arguments | p. 50 |
| Evaluating Moral Arguments | p. 55 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 68 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 69 |
| Web Sites | p. 70 |
| Issues | |
| Sexual Morality | p. 73 |
| The Traditional View | p. 74 |
| The Libertarian View | p. 75 |
| Treating Sex Differently | p. 76 |
| Arguments for Sexual Libertarianism | p. 79 |
| Arguments against Sexual Libertarianism | p. 81 |
| Roger Scruton, Sexual Morality | p. 83 |
| Alan H. Goldman, Plain Sex | p. 89 |
| Michael Levin, Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal | p. 100 |
| Timothy F. Murphy, Homosexuality and Nature | p. 107 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Deception or Joke? | p. 114 |
| AIDS Education | p. 115 |
| A Fast for Understanding | p. 116 |
| Murphy v. Dan | p. 117 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 118 |
| Web Sites | p. 119 |
| Pornography | p. 120 |
| The Meaning of Pornography and Obscenity | p. 121 |
| Effects of Pornography | p. 123 |
| Moral Issues | p. 125 |
| Arguments against Pornography | p. 126 |
| Arguments for Pornography | p. 127 |
| Arguments for Censorship | p. 128 |
| Arguments against Censorship | p. 129 |
| Walter Berns, Beyond the (Garbage) Pale, or Democracy, Censorship and the Arts | p. 130 |
| Ann Garry, Pornography and Respect for Women | p. 134 |
| Judge Jerome Frank, Dissenting Opinion in United States v. Roth | p. 142 |
| David A. J. Richards, The Moral Theory of Free Speech and Obscenity Law | p. 152 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Ginzburg v. United States (1966) | p. 162 |
| The Mapplethorpe Photographs: Censorship and the NEA | p. 164 |
| Ticketed for Obscenity on the Information Superhighway | p. 165 |
| Art, Entertainment, or Child Pornography? | p. 166 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 168 |
| Web Sites | p. 168 |
| Abortion | p. 169 |
| Biological Background | p. 171 |
| The Moral Problem | p. 173 |
| The Ontological Status of the Fetus | p. 173 |
| The Moral Status of the Fetus | p. 175 |
| Pro-Life Arguments (against Abortion) | p. 177 |
| Pro-Choice Arguments (for Abortion) | p. 178 |
| John T. Noonan, An Almost Absolute Value in History | p. 180 |
| Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion | p. 185 |
| Mary Anne Warren, On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion | p. 196 |
| Rosalind Hursthouse, Virtue Theory and Abortion | p. 206 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Mrs. Sherri Finkbine and the Thalidomide Tragedy | p. 213 |
| "Conceived in Violence, Born in Hate" | p. 214 |
| Death in Pensacola | p. 215 |
| The Fight for Martina Greywind's Baby | p. 216 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 217 |
| Web Sites | p. 217 |
| Euthanasia | p. 218 |
| Personhood | p. 219 |
| Death | p. 220 |
| Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Treatment | p. 222 |
| Killing vs. Allowing to Die | p. 223 |
| Meaning of Euthanasia: Narrow vs. Broad Interpretations | p. 224 |
| Voluntary vs. Nonvoluntary Euthanasia | p. 225 |
| Assisted Suicide | p. 226 |
| The Right to Refuse Treatment | p. 227 |
| Defective Newborns | p. 228 |
| Arguments for Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia | p. 230 |
| Arguments against Voluntary (Active) Euthanasia | p. 231 |
| J. Gay-Williams, The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia | p. 233 |
| James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia | p. 236 |
| Philippa Foot, Euthanasia | p. 240 |
| Richard Brandt, A Moral Principle about Killing | p. 255 |
| Case Presentations | |
| "I Did It Because I Loved My Son" | p. 261 |
| "Myrna is Dead. Desolation" | p. 262 |
| "A Choice Central to Personal Dignity" | p. 263 |
| Legalized Assisted Suicide and Decriminalized Euthanasia | p. 264 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 266 |
| Web Sites | p. 266 |
| Human Cloning | p. 267 |
| How Cloning Works: A Brief History | p. 268 |
| Why Clone Humans? | p. 270 |
| Moral and Legal Issues | p. 271 |
| Arguments against Human Cloning | p. 273 |
| Arguments for Human Cloning | p. 274 |
| Leon R. Kass, The Wisdom of Repugnance | p. 275 |
| Michael Tooley, Moral Status of Cloning Humans | p. 287 |
| Robert Wachbroit, Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning | p. 299 |
| Cass R. Sunstein, The Constitution and the Clone | p. 305 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory | p. 311 |
| Clonaid | p. 314 |
| A Birth to Save a Life | p. 315 |
| Therapeutic Human Cloning in Britain | p. 316 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 317 |
| Web Sites | p. 318 |
| Capital Punishment | p. 319 |
| The Nature and Definition of Punishment | p. 320 |
| The Moral Acceptability of Punishment | p. 321 |
| Aims of Punishment | p. 322 |
| Retentionist and Abolitionist Defined | p. 324 |
| Capital Punishment as Deterrent | p. 324 |
| Abolitionist Arguments (against Capital Punishment) | p. 326 |
| Retentionist Arguments (for Capital Punishment) | p. 327 |
| Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | p. 329 |
| Sidney Hook, The Death Sentence | p. 334 |
| Ernest Van Den Haag, On Deterrence and the Death Penalty | p. 339 |
| Hugo Adam Bedau, Capital Punishment and Social Defense | p. 347 |
| Case Presentations | |
| J. D. Autry: Death in Texas | p. 354 |
| Karla Faye Tucker: The Pickax Murderer | p. 355 |
| A Failed Experiment? | p. 356 |
| Warren McClesky | p. 358 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 359 |
| Web Sites | p. 359 |
| Welfare and Social Justice | p. 360 |
| Transfer Payments | p. 361 |
| Does Welfare Work? | p. 362 |
| Why Have Welfare? | p. 364 |
| Distributive Justice | p. 365 |
| Equality, Need, and Merit | p. 366 |
| Libertarianism, Welfare Liberalism, and Socialism | p. 368 |
| Arguments for Welfare | p. 369 |
| Arguments against Welfare | p. 371 |
| John Hospers, What Libertarianism Is | p. 372 |
| Trudy Govier, The Right to Eat and the Duty to Work | p. 379 |
| Kai Nielsen, Radical Egalitarianism | p. 388 |
| Charles Murray, Choosing a Future | p. 397 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Marta Green | p. 403 |
| The Poorest Place in America | p. 405 |
| Welfare as We've Begun to Know It | p. 406 |
| The Women of Project Match | p. 407 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 408 |
| Web Sites | p. 408 |
| Job Discrimination | p. 409 |
| Job Discrimination: Its Nature and Forms | p. 411 |
| Evidence of Discrimination | p. 412 |
| Affirmative Action: Preferential Treatment | p. 416 |
| Arguments against Reverse Discrimination | p. 420 |
| Arguments for Reverse Discrimination | p. 421 |
| Tom L. Beauchamp, The Justification of Reverse Discrimination | p. 422 |
| Richard Wasserstrom, A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment | p. 431 |
| William T. Blackstone, Reverse Discrimination and Compensatory Justice | p. 435 |
| Lisa Newton, Reverse Discrimination as Unjustified | p. 440 |
| Case Presentations | |
| Brian Weber | p. 444 |
| Good News and Bad News | p. 445 |
| Piscataway v. Taxman | p. 446 |
| Proposition 209 | p. 447 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 448 |
| Web Sites | p. 448 |
| Animal Rights | p. 449 |
| What Do We Owe Nonhuman Animals? | p. 450 |
| Animal Rights | p. 452 |
| What's Wrong with Speciesism? | p. 453 |
| Arguments for Equal Treatment of Animals | p. 456 |
| Arguments against Equal Treatment of Animals | p. 457 |
| Peter Singer, All Animals Are Equal ... or why supporters of liberation for Blacks and Women should support Animal Liberation too | p. 459 |
| Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights | p. 471 |
| Tibor R. Machan, Do Animals Have Rights? | p. 479 |
| Bonnie Steinbock, Speciesism and the Idea of Equality | p. 486 |
| Case Presentations | |
| "Putting Her to Sleep" | p. 493 |
| Animal Liberators | p. 494 |
| Religious Sacrifice | p. 495 |
| A Himalayan Snow Leopard of One's Own | p. 496 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 497 |
| Web Sites | p. 497 |
| Environmental Ethics | p. 498 |
| Environmental Problems | p. 499 |
| The Moral Issue | p. 501 |
| Why Environmental Ethics? | p. 504 |
| Arguments for an Environmental Ethic | p. 505 |
| Arguments against an Environmental Ethic | p. 506 |
| Aldo Leopold, The Land Ethic | p. 508 |
| Paul W. Taylor, The Ethics of Respect for Nature | p. 517 |
| William F. Baxter, People or Penguins | p. 529 |
| J. Baird Callicott, An Ecocentric Environmental Ethic | p. 533 |
| Case Presentations | |
| A Metaphor for the Energy Debate | p. 539 |
| The Spotted Owl | p. 540 |
| Environmental Resistence: The Chipko Movement and the Earth Liberation Front | p. 541 |
| The Wildlands Project | p. 543 |
| Selections for Further Reading | p. 544 |
| Web Sites | p. 544 |
| Afterword | p. 545 |
| Glossary | p. 546 |
| Index | p. 549 |
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