Writing and Reporting News A Coaching Method

Name: Writing and Reporting News A Coaching Method
Price: 4.13 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780534559809

ISBN-10: 0534559808

ISBN-13: 9780534559809

Edition: 3rd 2000

Authors: Carole Rich

List price: $85.95

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Book details

List price: $85.95
Edition: 3rd
Copyright year: 2000
Publisher: Wadsworth
Publication date: 5/12/1999
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 640
Size: 7.09" wide x 9.06" long
Weight: 2.046

Carole Rich is a retired journalism professor, formerly at the University of Alaska Anchorage, where she was the Atwood professor before accepting a full-time position. She also served as chair of the journalism department at Hofstra University in New York for two years, taught journalism at the University of Kansas for 11 years, and worked for 16 years in the newspaper industry. She was a reporter for the former PHILADELPHIA EVENING BULLETIN, city editor of the SUN-SENTINEL in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and deputy metropolitan editor of the HARTFORD COURANT in Connecticut. In addition to serving as a visiting writing coach at newspapers throughout the United States, Professor Rich has…

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction: Tips From Award-winning Journalists	p. xix
Understanding News
Write From the Start: A Coaching Method	p. 1
The Reporting and Writing Process	p. 2
How to Be Your Own Writing Coach	p. 3
Determining Your Focus	p. 3
What's the story about?	p. 3
How would you tell the story to a friend?	p. 3
Putting It All Together	p. 4
Adding Visual Elements	p. 6
Point of entry	p. 6
Summary blurb	p. 6
Facts box	p. 7
Empowerment box	p. 8
Pull quote	p. 8
Infographic	p. 9
Exercises	p. 9
Changing Concepts of News	p. 13
The Internet	p. 13
Increasing Competition	p. 14
Changing Reporting Skills	p. 14
Increasing Job Opportunities	p. 16
The Changing Newsroom Structure	p. 16
Public Journalism	p. 17
Hard News and Features	p. 18
Ethics	p. 19
Qualities of News Stories	p. 20
The Importance of Graphics	p. 26
Exercises	p. 28
The Basic News Story	p. 31
Conflict and Resolution	p. 32
Elements of the Basic News Story	p. 33
Headline	p. 33
Lead	p. 33
Backup for the Lead	p. 34
Nut Graph	p. 34
Lead Quote	p. 35
Impact	p. 36
Attribution	p. 37
Background	p. 38
Elaboration	p. 38
Ending	p. 39
Graphics	p. 39
Examples of Basic News Stories	p. 39
Quotes and Attribution	p. 41
Coaching Tips	p. 41
When to Use Direct Quotes	p. 43
How to Write Quotes	p. 45
When to Use Attribution	p. 48
Plagiarism	p. 49
Wording of attributions	p. 50
Overview attribution	p. 50
Second references	p. 50
Title	p. 51
Courtesy titles	p. 51
Ethics	p. 51
Exercises	p. 52
Grammar and Usage	p. 57
Exercises	p. 65
Story Ideas	p. 69
The Internet	p. 70
Other Ways to Find Story Ideas	p. 71
Ethics	p. 76
Press Releases	p. 76
Coaching Tips	p. 76
Idea Budgets	p. 78
Exercises	p. 78
Collecting Information
Curiosity and Observation	p. 81
Curiosity	p. 82
Observation	p. 83
The Show-in-action Technique	p. 84
Hard News vs. Soft News	p. 85
Fact vs. Opinion	p. 85
Observation to Find Questions	p. 86
Observation for Visual Presentation	p. 86
Ethics	p. 87
Exercises	p. 87
Sources of Information	p. 91
Human Sources	p. 92
Anonymous Sources	p. 95
Promises	p. 96
On and off the record	p. 97
Multicultural Sources	p. 98
Written Sources	p. 99
Electronic Sources	p. 100
Databases	p. 100
Public Records	p. 101
Online Sources	p. 102
Other Public Records	p. 105
The Freedom of Information Act	p. 107
Exercises	p. 110
Listening and Note-taking Skills	p. 113
The Pros and Cons of Tape Recorders	p. 114
Listening Tips	p. 115
Note-taking Tips	p. 116
Exercises	p. 119
Interviewing Techniques	p. 121
Sensitivity	p. 123
Tips for Interviewers	p. 123
Planning the Interview	p. 124
Conducting the Interview	p. 125
Reporting for Graphics	p. 129
The GOAL Method of Interviewing	p. 130
Ethics	p. 131
Telephone Interviewing	p. 131
E-mail Interviewing	p. 134
Exercises	p. 134
Constructing Stories
The Writing Process	p. 137
Ways to Approach the Writing Process	p. 138
The FORK Method	p. 138
Focus	p. 138
Order	p. 139
Repetition of Key words	p. 140
The Kiss off	p. 141
Briefs	p. 143
The Online Writing Process	p. 143
How to Revise Stories	p. 145
Writing Process Tips	p. 146
Exercises	p. 148
Leads and Nut Graphs	p. 151
Hard-news Leads, Soft Leads and Nut Graphs	p. 152
The Wow Test	p. 155
The Impact of Graphics on Leads	p. 155
Hard-news Leads	p. 156
Summary Leads	p. 156
Order of information	p. 157
Active versus passive voice	p. 158
Where to say when	p. 159
Delayed identification	p. 160
Second-day Leads	p. 161
Impact Leads	p. 162
Attribution in Leads	p. 162
Fact versus opinion	p. 163
Accusations	p. 163
Quotes	p. 164
Attribution first or last	p. 165
Cluttered attribution	p. 166
Soft Leads	p. 167
Coaching Tips	p. 167
Descriptive Leads	p. 168
Anecdotal Leads	p. 168
Narrative Leads	p. 169
Other Soft Leads	p. 169
Focus-on-a-person leads	p. 169
Contrast leads	p. 170
Teaser leads	p. 171
Mystery leads	p. 171
Build-on-a-quote leads	p. 172
List leads	p. 173
Question leads	p. 173
Cliche leads	p. 174
Leads to Avoid	p. 174
How to Find Your Lead	p. 178
Exercises	p. 178
Body Building	p. 183
Middles of Stories	p. 184
Transition Techniques	p. 184
Techniques for Maintaining Interest	p. 185
Parallelism	p. 185
Pacing	p. 186
Anecdotes	p. 186
Dialogue	p. 187
BBI: Boring but important stuff	p. 187
Simple sentences for complex information	p. 188
Lists	p. 188
Cliffhangers: Mystery middles	p. 188
Endings	p. 190
Circle Kickers	p. 190
Quote Kickers	p. 191
Future-action Kickers	p. 191
Climaxes	p. 192
Cliffhangers	p. 193
Factual Kickers	p. 194
Out-of-gas Endings	p. 194
Body Building From Start to Finish	p. 195
Exercises	p. 196
Story Structures	p. 199
Inverted Pyramid	p. 201
Wall Street Journal Formula	p. 202
Hourglass Structure	p. 205
List Technique	p. 206
Pyramid Structure	p. 207
Sections Technique	p. 208
Nonlinear Structure for the Web	p. 214
Exercises	p. 215
Storytelling and Feature Techniques	p. 221
Narrative Writing	p. 222
Reading to Write	p. 224
Storytelling Concepts	p. 224
Reporting Tools	p. 226
Writing Tools	p. 228
Theme	p. 228
Descriptive Techniques	p. 229
Avoid adjectives	p. 229
Use analogies	p. 229
Limit physical descriptions	p. 230
Avoid sexist/racist descriptions	p. 230
Show people in action	p. 231
Use lively verbs	p. 231
Set the scene	p. 231
Narrative Techniques	p. 233
Use foreshadowing	p. 234
Create tone	p. 234
Storytelling Structure	p. 236
Narrative Storytelling	p. 238
Online Storytelling	p. 240
Exercises	p. 241
Public Relations Writing	p. 243
Media Resistance	p. 245
The Media's Needs	p. 246
Newsworthiness	p. 246
Good Writing	p. 246
Credibility	p. 247
Ethics	p. 247
Media Kits	p. 248
Writing Skills for Press Releases	p. 249
A Direct Approach	p. 249
The Structure of Press Releases	p. 251
Corporate Publications	p. 254
Press Release Checklist	p. 255
Online Resources	p. 256
Exercises	p. 257
Broadcast Writing	p. 261
Planning a Newscast	p. 263
Writing for Broadcast	p. 268
Broadcast vs. Newspaper Writing	p. 271
The Writing Process	p. 274
Story Structure	p. 275
Lead	p. 275
Body	p. 277
Ending	p. 280
Teasers and Lead-ins	p. 280
Copy Preparation and Style	p. 282
Punctuation	p. 283
Numbers	p. 283
Names and Titles	p. 284
Using Broadcast Terms	p. 284
Writing a Package	p. 285
Ethics	p. 288
Broadcasting Online	p. 289
Exercises	p. 289
Understanding Media Issues
Accuracy and Libel	p. 293
The Importance of Accuracy	p. 294
Checking Information	p. 295
Showing Copy to Sources	p. 295
Libel	p. 296
Times v. Sullivan	p. 297
Public Officials	p. 297
Public Figures	p. 298
Private Figures	p. 299
Corrections	p. 300
Privilege	p. 301
Neutral Reportage	p. 302
Fair Comment and Criticism	p. 303
Invasion of Privacy	p. 303
Intrusion Into a Person's Solitude	p. 303
Public Disclosure of Private Facts	p. 304
Publicity That Puts a Person in a False Light	p. 305
Use of Person's Name or Picture Without Permission	p. 306
Online Legal Issues	p. 306
Exercises	p. 308
Media Ethics	p. 311
Deception	p. 311
Privacy Issues	p. 313
Public Officials	p. 313
Celebrities	p. 316
Rape Victims	p. 318
Photo Subjects	p. 319
A Guideline for Privacy Issues	p. 320
Political Correctness	p. 320
Media Manipulation	p. 321
Moral Reasoning	p. 322
The Poynter Institute Model	p. 322
Philosophical Approaches	p. 323
Codes of Ethics	p. 324
Exercises	p. 325
Multicultural Sensitivity	p. 329
The Language of Multiculturalism	p. 330
Minorities in the News	p. 330
The Ethnic Beat	p. 333
Gender Differences	p. 334
Guidelines for Writing About Special Groups	p. 338
People With Disabilities	p. 338
Stories About Aging	p. 339
AIDS Stories	p. 341
The writer's task	p. 342
A Pulitzer Prize AIDS story	p. 342
Ground rules for sensitive questions	p. 344
Terminology	p. 345
Online Multicultural Resources	p. 345
Exercises	p. 346
Applying the Techniques
Beat Reporting	p. 349
Developing Story Ideas	p. 350
Cultivating and Keeping Sources	p. 351
Ethics	p. 352
Checking Records and Human Sources	p. 353
Beginning a Beat	p. 354
Covering Specialty Beats	p. 356
The Education Beat	p. 357
Health and Environmental Writing	p. 359
Business Writing	p. 361
Sportswriting	p. 363
Online Beat Resources	p. 367
Exercises	p. 367
Obituaries	p. 369
The Importance of Facts	p. 371
Obituary Guidelines	p. 372
Basic Obituaries	p. 374
Feature Obituaries	p. 375
Exercises	p. 378
Speeches, Press Conferences and Meetings	p. 381
Media Manipulation	p. 383
Preparation	p. 385
Stories About Speeches	p. 385
Stories About Press Conferences	p. 388
Stories About Meetings	p. 389
Understanding the System	p. 390
Writing the Advance	p. 390
Covering the Meeting	p. 391
Writing the Story	p. 392
Online Resources for Speeches and Press Conferences	p. 395
Exercises	p. 396
Government and Statistical Stories	p. 403
Reporting Tips	p. 405
Graphics	p. 407
Writing Tips	p. 407
Statistical Stories	p. 412
Budget Stories	p. 415
Budget and Tax Terms	p. 416
Writing Techniques	p. 417
Government and Statistical Online Resources	p. 419
Exercises	p. 420
Crime and Punishment	p. 423
Crime Stories	p. 424
Access	p. 424
To previous criminal records	p. 425
To university records	p. 425
To records of juvenile offenders	p. 426
To the crime scene	p. 426
Use of Names	p. 426
Wording of Accusations	p. 427
Attribution	p. 428
Newspaper Clips	p. 428
Guidelines for Reporting Crime Stories	p. 429
Stories About Specific Types of Crimes	p. 430
Motor vehicle accidents	p. 430
Burglaries and robberies	p. 431
Homicides	p. 434
Ethics	p. 436
Fires	p. 437
Court Stories	p. 438
Criminal and Civil Cases	p. 439
Federal Courts and State Courts	p. 439
Criminal Court Process	p. 440
Arrest	p. 440
Booking	p. 441
Charges	p. 442
Arraignment	p. 442
Preliminary hearing	p. 442
Grand jury	p. 442
Pretrial hearings and motions	p. 443
Trial	p. 443
Sentencing	p. 443
Appeal	p. 443
Civil Court Process	p. 443
Terms Used in Court Reporting	p. 444
Court Story Examples	p. 447
Online Resources for Crime and Court Stories	p. 451
Exercises	p. 451
Disasters, Weather and Tragedies	p. 457
Reporting Techniques	p. 462
Sidebars	p. 464
Graphics	p. 466
Online Information	p. 467
Disaster Basics	p. 467
Death Tolls	p. 470
Interviews With Grief-stricken People	p. 470
Follow-up Stories	p. 472
Airplane Crashes	p. 473
Natural Disasters	p. 474
Weather Stories	p. 477
Personal Tragedy	p. 479
Online Resources for Disasters, Weather and Tragedies	p. 483
Exercises	p. 483
Profiles	p. 491
Writing Profiles	p. 492
Transitions	p. 493
Theme	p. 494
The Writing Process	p. 495
Basic Elements of Profiles	p. 496
Slice-of-life Profiles	p. 496
The GOAL Method	p. 497
Graphics	p. 499
Finding Profile Sources	p. 499
Organizing the Profile	p. 501
Putting It All Together	p. 502
Writing Snapshot Profiles	p. 505
Ethics	p. 508
Exercises	p. 508
Computer-assisted Journalism	p. 511
Using the Internet	p. 513
Netscape Communicator	p. 513
Microsoft Internet Explorer	p. 515
Search Engines	p. 517
Searching tips	p. 518
People search engines	p. 518
Map search engines	p. 519
Discussion Groups	p. 519
Newsgroups	p. 520
E-mail	p. 520
Telnet	p. 521
FTP	p. 521
Using Databases	p. 522
Using Excel Spreadsheets	p. 523
Sorting Data	p. 524
Making Calculations	p. 526
Importing Online Databases	p. 530
Using Relational Databases	p. 531
Understanding Statistical Terms	p. 531
Writing Database Stories	p. 532
Using Online Resources	p. 533
Exercises	p. 533
Media Jobs and Internships	p. 535
Job Application Skills	p. 536
Where to Apply	p. 537
Online job sites	p. 537
Printed directories	p. 537
Whom to Contact	p. 538
How to Apply	p. 538
Cover letter	p. 538
Resume	p. 538
Clips or videotape	p. 539
Follow-up phone call	p. 540
Research for the interview	p. 540
Interview follow-up	p. 540
Cover Letters	p. 540
Resumes	p. 544
Interviews	p. 546
Online Job Resources	p. 548
Exercises	p. 549
Style Guide	p. 550
Online Resources for Journalists	p. 559
Credits	p. 561
Index	p. 569
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