| |
| |
| |
| At Risk | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Defining At Risk | |
| |
| |
| Who Decides | |
| |
| |
| Making the Decision | |
| |
| |
| Determining the Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Primary Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Secondary and Tertiary Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Case Management with High-Risk Populations | |
| |
| |
| It Is Not Always Easy | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing a Social History | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Social History | |
| |
| |
| Layout of the Social History | |
| |
| |
| How to Ask What You Need to Know | |
| |
| |
| A History of the Problem | |
| |
| |
| Background Information About the Person | |
| |
| |
| Impressions and Recommendations | |
| |
| |
| Capturing the Details | |
| |
| |
| Sample Social History | |
| |
| |
| Social Histories in Other Settings | |
| |
| |
| Limited Time for Intake | |
| |
| |
| Who Took the Social History | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management with Children and Their Families | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations | |
| |
| |
| The Ecological Model | |
| |
| |
| The Child's Point of View | |
| |
| |
| Respect | |
| |
| |
| Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Vulnerability | |
| |
| |
| Child and Adolescent Service System Program or Systems of Care | |
| |
| |
| Cross-Systems Collaboration | |
| |
| |
| For Communities | |
| |
| |
| CASSP Is Becoming the Norm | |
| |
| |
| CASSP Core Values | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Competence | |
| |
| |
| Different Cultural Expectations | |
| |
| |
| Assisting Families to Negotiate the Dominant Culture | |
| |
| |
| Finding Strengths in the Culture | |
| |
| |
| Stereotyping and Racism | |
| |
| |
| Child Development | |
| |
| |
| Social Development | |
| |
| |
| Cognitive and Language Development | |
| |
| |
| Emotional Development | |
| |
| |
| Physical Development | |
| |
| |
| Mandated Reporter | |
| |
| |
| Other Legal and Ethical Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Involving the Family | |
| |
| |
| Barriers to Good Planning for Children | |
| |
| |
| What Case Managers Can Do | |
| |
| |
| Children's Mental Health | |
| |
| |
| Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | |
| |
| |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) | |
| |
| |
| Conduct Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Depression | |
| |
| |
| Bipolar Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Social Phobia | |
| |
| |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Divorce Reactions | |
| |
| |
| Eating Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Strengths-Based Assessments | |
| |
| |
| Communication | |
| |
| |
| Recognition of Problems | |
| |
| |
| The Mental Status Examination | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Medications and Treatments | |
| |
| |
| Medications | |
| |
| |
| ADHD | |
| |
| |
| Depression | |
| |
| |
| Other Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Support Groups | |
| |
| |
| Services | |
| |
| |
| Case Management | |
| |
| |
| Wrap-Around Services | |
| |
| |
| Planning and Case Management | |
| |
| |
| Case Management and Advocacy | |
| |
| |
| Case Management with Older Children | |
| |
| |
| Outpatient Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Community-Based Interventions | |
| |
| |
| Partial Hospitalization/Day Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Residential Treatment Centers (RTCs) | |
| |
| |
| Inpatient Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Crisis Services | |
| |
| |
| Other Services Using Children's Case Managers | |
| |
| |
| Child Welfare | |
| |
| |
| Juvenile Justice Systems | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Intake Form for Children and Adolescents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management for Survivors of Rape and Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations for Working with Victims of Rape and Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| If You Are Male | |
| |
| |
| Interchangeable Terms | |
| |
| |
| Other Forms of Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| The Victim as "She" | |
| |
| |
| Organizations That Serve Women | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Working in Women's Programs | |
| |
| |
| Your Role | |
| |
| |
| Confidentiality | |
| |
| |
| Statistics and Prevalence | |
| |
| |
| Rape | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Batterers and Rapists | |
| |
| |
| Victims | |
| |
| |
| Reluctance to Seek Help | |
| |
| |
| What Is Domestic Violence? | |
| |
| |
| Types of Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Other Aspects of Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Leaving an Abusive Relationship | |
| |
| |
| The Leaving Process | |
| |
| |
| Barriers to Leaving | |
| |
| |
| Stalking | |
| |
| |
| Safety Planning | |
| |
| |
| Documentation | |
| |
| |
| Reasons Not to Require a Safety Plan | |
| |
| |
| Individualize the Safety Plan | |
| |
| |
| Safety at the Hospital | |
| |
| |
| Assessing Lethality | |
| |
| |
| Batterer Programs | |
| |
| |
| Planning to Leave | |
| |
| |
| Children and Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Leaving, Visitation, and Support | |
| |
| |
| Protection from Abuse Orders (PFAs) | |
| |
| |
| Housing | |
| |
| |
| Addressing the Needs of Diverse Populations | |
| |
| |
| Rural Communities | |
| |
| |
| Gay and Lesbian Communities | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Violence in Later Life | |
| |
| |
| Violence Against Latinas | |
| |
| |
| Teen Dating and Violence | |
| |
| |
| What Is Rape? | |
| |
| |
| Child Sexual Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Risk Factors | |
| |
| |
| Signs of Child Sexual Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Child Sexual Assault | |
| |
| |
| What Children Need to Be Told | |
| |
| |
| Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Working with Nonoffending Parents | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Assault: The Issues | |
| |
| |
| Rebalancing Power | |
| |
| |
| Clarifying Blame, Guilt, and Responsibility | |
| |
| |
| Establishing Self-Identity and Bodily Integrity | |
| |
| |
| Defining One's Own Sexuality | |
| |
| |
| Tolerating Diverse Feelings | |
| |
| |
| General Information About Crisis Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Make Accurate Observations | |
| |
| |
| Remove the Client If Useful | |
| |
| |
| The Client Interview | |
| |
| |
| Hot Line Skills | |
| |
| |
| Crank Calls | |
| |
| |
| Responding to a Rape or Domestic Violence Crisis | |
| |
| |
| At the Scene | |
| |
| |
| At the Hospital | |
| |
| |
| Female Victims | |
| |
| |
| Male Victims | |
| |
| |
| Elderly Rape Victims | |
| |
| |
| Victims Who Use Drugs and Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Victims with Mental Disabilities | |
| |
| |
| Common Concerns | |
| |
| |
| Embarrassment | |
| |
| |
| Who Will Have to Know? | |
| |
| |
| How to Pay for Medical Care | |
| |
| |
| Whether to Prosecute | |
| |
| |
| Shock and Bitter Hatred | |
| |
| |
| Issues Regarding HIV for Victims of Rape | |
| |
| |
| Ongoing Criminal Investigations | |
| |
| |
| DSM-IV-TR Stress Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Differences in Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Common Effects of Rape and Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Disorganization Phase | |
| |
| |
| Reorganization Phase | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Intake Form--Domestic Violence and Rape Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Form: Personal Safety Plan | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management in the Field of Drug and Alcohol Dependence | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Focus on Alcoholism | |
| |
| |
| Focus on Psychological Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| Psychological Treatment of Alcoholism and Addiction | |
| |
| |
| Addiction as a Disturbance of Self | |
| |
| |
| Producing the High | |
| |
| |
| Graded Depression of Synaptic Transmission--An Important Definition | |
| |
| |
| Pharmacology | |
| |
| |
| Initial Response | |
| |
| |
| Continued Drinking | |
| |
| |
| Addiction | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism of Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Metabolism in the Liver | |
| |
| |
| Heavy Alcohol Use | |
| |
| |
| Tolerance | |
| |
| |
| Elimination | |
| |
| |
| Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal | |
| |
| |
| Tolerance | |
| |
| |
| Psychological Dependence | |
| |
| |
| Physiological Dependence | |
| |
| |
| Withdrawal | |
| |
| |
| Withdrawal: A Closer Look | |
| |
| |
| Withdrawal Stage One | |
| |
| |
| Withdrawal Stage Two | |
| |
| |
| Withdrawal Stage Three | |
| |
| |
| Detoxification | |
| |
| |
| Detoxification Dangers | |
| |
| |
| Medical Complications of Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Blood | |
| |
| |
| Liver | |
| |
| |
| Digestive System | |
| |
| |
| Skeletal Muscles | |
| |
| |
| Skin and Hair | |
| |
| |
| Heart | |
| |
| |
| Sleep | |
| |
| |
| Reproductive System | |
| |
| |
| The Fetus | |
| |
| |
| Brain and Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| Assessment and Intake | |
| |
| |
| Promoting a Trusting Relationship | |
| |
| |
| Medical Problems or Instability | |
| |
| |
| Client Education | |
| |
| |
| Toxicology Screening | |
| |
| |
| Treatment Goals for Clients | |
| |
| |
| Level of Care | |
| |
| |
| Outpatient Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Core Components of Intensive Outpatient Services | |
| |
| |
| Optimal Elements of Intensive Outpatient Services | |
| |
| |
| Enhancing Intensive Outpatient Services | |
| |
| |
| Education Plays an Important Role | |
| |
| |
| Retention and Problems of Relapse | |
| |
| |
| The Challenge | |
| |
| |
| Factors Contributing to Dropout from the Treatment Program | |
| |
| |
| Clinical Response to Problems of Retention and Relapse | |
| |
| |
| Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol-Induced Depression and Anxiety | |
| |
| |
| Depression | |
| |
| |
| Anxiety | |
| |
| |
| Other Clinical Challenges | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Evaluation for Drug and Alcohol Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management with Individuals with Mental Illness | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Addressing Brain Disorders, Not Emotional Problems | |
| |
| |
| What You Are Likely to See | |
| |
| |
| Taking Things Personally | |
| |
| |
| National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) | |
| |
| |
| DSM-IV-TR | |
| |
| |
| Stigma | |
| |
| |
| Mental Health and the Media | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Myths | |
| |
| |
| Ways of Viewing Mental Illness | |
| |
| |
| Mood Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Major Depressive Episode | |
| |
| |
| Older People and Depression | |
| |
| |
| Causes | |
| |
| |
| Course and Symptoms | |
| |
| |
| Depression and Other People | |
| |
| |
| Bipolar Disorders | |
| |
| |
| What Is Mania? | |
| |
| |
| Suicide | |
| |
| |
| If Your Client Has Considered Suicide | |
| |
| |
| Look at the Social History | |
| |
| |
| What Did You Observe? | |
| |
| |
| An Ironic Fact About Suicide | |
| |
| |
| Grief | |
| |
| |
| Anxiety | |
| |
| |
| Adjustment Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Schizophrenia | |
| |
| |
| Causes | |
| |
| |
| Course and Symptoms | |
| |
| |
| Case Management and Prevention of Relapse | |
| |
| |
| Lifestyle | |
| |
| |
| Environment | |
| |
| |
| Diagnosis of Schizophrenia Using the DSM-IV-TR | |
| |
| |
| Other Psychotic Disorders | |
| |
| |
| The Mental Status Examination (MSE) | |
| |
| |
| Families | |
| |
| |
| Family Embarrassment | |
| |
| |
| How Case Managers Hurt Families | |
| |
| |
| How Case Managers Help Families | |
| |
| |
| The Older Client | |
| |
| |
| Medications and Treatments | |
| |
| |
| Depression | |
| |
| |
| Bipolar Disorder | |
| |
| |
| Anxiety | |
| |
| |
| Schizophrenia | |
| |
| |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | |
| |
| |
| Services | |
| |
| |
| Involuntary Commitment | |
| |
| |
| Voluntary Commitment | |
| |
| |
| Hospitalization | |
| |
| |
| Step-Down Units | |
| |
| |
| Personal Care Homes | |
| |
| |
| Partial Hospitalization | |
| |
| |
| Recreational Programs | |
| |
| |
| Drop-in Centers | |
| |
| |
| Outpatient Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Case Management Services | |
| |
| |
| Crisis Services | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Evaluation for Mental Health Services | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management and Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Terms and Expressions | |
| |
| |
| Things to Think About | |
| |
| |
| The Need to Control | |
| |
| |
| What Is Intelligence? | |
| |
| |
| What Is Mental Retardation? | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Brain Injury | |
| |
| |
| Who Are Those with Mental Retardation? | |
| |
| |
| Diagnosing Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Awareness of a Problem | |
| |
| |
| Testing to Confirm | |
| |
| |
| Assessment of Adaptive Skills | |
| |
| |
| Documenting a Full Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Skills | |
| |
| |
| Psychological and Motivational Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Etiology Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Environmental Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Developing the Plan for Services and Supports | |
| |
| |
| Person-Centered Planning | |
| |
| |
| Problems with Person-Centered Planning | |
| |
| |
| Mental Age | |
| |
| |
| Mental Retardation and Cognition | |
| |
| |
| Visual Learning | |
| |
| |
| Suggestibility | |
| |
| |
| Passivity Rather Than Strategizing | |
| |
| |
| Difficulty with Foresight and Planning | |
| |
| |
| Concreteness and Rigidity | |
| |
| |
| Speed of Thinking | |
| |
| |
| Limited Creativity and Imagination | |
| |
| |
| Mental Retardation and Adaptive Functioning | |
| |
| |
| The Need for Services | |
| |
| |
| What to Expect | |
| |
| |
| Preschool Adaptive Functioning | |
| |
| |
| Motor Development | |
| |
| |
| Language Development | |
| |
| |
| Self-Help | |
| |
| |
| Cognition | |
| |
| |
| Social Skills | |
| |
| |
| School-Age Adaptive Functioning | |
| |
| |
| Loosening Ties to Family | |
| |
| |
| Preparing to Work | |
| |
| |
| Adulthood Adaptive Functioning | |
| |
| |
| Unsupervised Living | |
| |
| |
| Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| Employment | |
| |
| |
| Social Roles | |
| |
| |
| Community Adjustment | |
| |
| |
| Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| Living Arrangements | |
| |
| |
| Financial Arrangements | |
| |
| |
| Mental Retardation and the Family | |
| |
| |
| Initial Impact | |
| |
| |
| Early Intervention Programs | |
| |
| |
| Continuing Impact | |
| |
| |
| Family Ability to Cope | |
| |
| |
| Planning for Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| Case Managers and Judgment | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Biological Origins: Genes and Chromosomes | |
| |
| |
| Nongenetic Biological Contributors | |
| |
| |
| Psychological Contributors | |
| |
| |
| Conditions Commonly Seen with Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Prevention | |
| |
| |
| Services for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities | |
| |
| |
| Diagnostic Services | |
| |
| |
| Employment Support | |
| |
| |
| Educational Services--Preschool | |
| |
| |
| Educational Services--School-Age Children | |
| |
| |
| Recreational Services | |
| |
| |
| Family Support Services | |
| |
| |
| Residential Options | |
| |
| |
| Behavioral Services | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Intake and Assessment Form for Consumers with Mental Retardation | |
| |
| |
| Form: Service Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Management with Older People | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Special Considerations | |
| |
| |
| Myths | |
| |
| |
| Senility | |
| |
| |
| Tranquility | |
| |
| |
| Productivity | |
| |
| |
| Resistance | |
| |
| |
| Gender and Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| A Common Mistake About Chronological Age | |
| |
| |
| Emotional Well-Being and Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| A Healthy Old Age | |
| |
| |
| Sense of Purpose | |
| |
| |
| Good Planning | |
| |
| |
| Support | |
| |
| |
| Experimenting | |
| |
| |
| Faith | |
| |
| |
| Cheerfulness | |
| |
| |
| Importance of the History and Assessment | |
| |
| |
| The Social History | |
| |
| |
| Medical History and Current Medical Status | |
| |
| |
| Cognitive History and Current Cognitive Status | |
| |
| |
| Assessment for Cognitive Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Important Points to Cover | |
| |
| |
| When the Family Gives the History | |
| |
| |
| Documentation | |
| |
| |
| Delirium | |
| |
| |
| Dementia | |
| |
| |
| Depression and Growing Older | |
| |
| |
| Assessment and Support for the Caregiver | |
| |
| |
| Elder Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Why Does It Happen? | |
| |
| |
| Defining Elder Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Reporting Elder Abuse | |
| |
| |
| Clues | |
| |
| |
| Case Managers' Helpful Interventions | |
| |
| |
| Helping Families Cope with Dementia | |
| |
| |
| Helping Clients Cope with Grief | |
| |
| |
| Helping Clients Cope with Guilt | |
| |
| |
| Life Review | |
| |
| |
| Leaving a Legacy | |
| |
| |
| Providing Opportunities for the Elder to Function | |
| |
| |
| Pets | |
| |
| |
| Common Services Available for Older Persons | |
| |
| |
| In-Home Care | |
| |
| |
| Visiting Nurse Association | |
| |
| |
| Homemaker Services | |
| |
| |
| Meals-on-Wheels | |
| |
| |
| Senior Centers | |
| |
| |
| Transportation | |
| |
| |
| Low-Income Plans and Senior Discounts | |
| |
| |
| Adult Day Care | |
| |
| |
| Lifeline | |
| |
| |
| Personal Care Home | |
| |
| |
| Assisted Living | |
| |
| |
| Domiciliary Care | |
| |
| |
| Nursing Home | |
| |
| |
| Palliative Care | |
| |
| |
| Protective Services | |
| |
| |
| Doing Your Assessment and Following Your Client | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
| |
| |
| Form: Assessment for Senior Citizens | |
| |
| |
| Form: Placement Assessment Tool | |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations and Definitions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |