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Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering | |
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What is Materials Science and Engineering? | |
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Classification of Materials | |
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Functional Classification of Materials | |
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Classification of Materials Based on Structure | |
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Environmental and Other Effects | |
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Materials Design and Selection Summary Glossary Problems | |
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Atomic Structure | |
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The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance | |
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The Structure of the Atom | |
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The Electronic Structure of the Atom | |
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The Periodic Table | |
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Atomic Bonding | |
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Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Atomic and Ionic Arrangements | |
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Short-Range Order versus Long-Range Order | |
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Amorphous Materials | |
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Lattice, Unit Cells, Basis, and Crystal Structures | |
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Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations | |
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Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell | |
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Interstitial Sites | |
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Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials | |
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Covalent Structures | |
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Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Imperfections in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements | |
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Point Defects | |
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Other Point Defects | |
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Dislocations | |
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Significance of Dislocations | |
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Schmid?s Law | |
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Influence of Crystal Structure | |
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Surface Defects | |
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Importance of Defects | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Atom and Ion Movements in Materials | |
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Applications of Diffusion | |
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Stability of Atoms and Ions | |
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Mechanisms for Diffusion | |
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Activation Energy for Diffusion | |
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Rate of Diffusion (Fick?s First Law) | |
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Factors Affecting Diffusion | |
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Permeability of Polymers | |
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Composition Profile (Fick?s Second Law) | |
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Diffusion and Materials Processing | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Mechanical Properties | |
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Technological Significance | |
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Terminology for Mechanical Properties | |
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The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram | |
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Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test | |
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True Stress and True Strain | |
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The Bend Test for Brittle Materials | |
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Hardness of Materials | |
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Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior | |
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Properties Obtained from the Impact Test | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Mechanical Properties | |
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Fracture Mechanics | |
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The Importance of Fracture Mechanics | |
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Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials | |
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Microstructural Features of Fracture in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites | |
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Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis | |
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Fatigue | |
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Results of the Fatigue Test | |
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Application of Fatigue Testing | |
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Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion | |
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Evaluation of Creep Behavior | |
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Use of Creep Data | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Strain Hardening and Annealing | |
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Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve | |
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Strain-Hardening Mechanisms | |
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Properties versus Percent Cold Work | |
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Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses | |
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Characteristics of Cold Working | |
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The Three Stages of Annealing | |
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Control of Annealing | |
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Annealing and Materials Processing | |
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Hot Working | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Principles of Solidification | |
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Technological Significance | |
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Nucleation | |
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Applications of Controlled Nucleation | |
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Growth Mechanisms | |
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Solidification Time and Dendrite Size | |
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Cooling Curves | |
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Cast Structure | |
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Solidification Defects | |
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Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components | |
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Continuous Casting and Ingot Casting | |
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Directional Solidification [DS], Single Crystal Growth, and Epitaxial Growth | |
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Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses | |
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Joining of Metallic Materials | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Problems | |
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Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium | |
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Phases and the Phase Diagram | |
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Solubility and Solid Solutions | |
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Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility | |
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Solid-Solution Strengthening | |
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Isomorphous Phase Diagrams | |
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Relationship Between Properties and the Phase D | |