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Preface | |
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The Evolution of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice | |
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A Brief History: The Evolution of Law and Our Criminal Justice System | |
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Introduction | |
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Primitive and Ancient Law | |
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English Law and Law Enforcement | |
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Early Law Enforcement in the United States | |
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Establishment of Federal Agencies | |
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Establishment of State Agencies | |
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Development of County Agencies | |
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Development of Local Agencies | |
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The Three Eras of Policing | |
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The Evolution of Our Juvenile Justice System | |
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A Brief Recap of U.S. Policing | |
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Summary | |
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The American Quest for Freedom and Justice: Our Laws | |
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Introduction | |
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The Declaration of Independence | |
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Types of Law | |
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Constitutional Law | |
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The Bill of Rights | |
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Criminal Law | |
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Civil Law and Torts | |
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Police Power | |
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The Needs of Society and the Rights of the Individual | |
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Summary | |
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Crime in the United States-Offenders and Victims | |
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Introduction | |
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Sources of Information on Crime | |
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Classification and Definitions of Major Crimes | |
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Offenders-What Leads People to Commit Crime? | |
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Victims of Crime and Violence | |
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Police Officers as Victims | |
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Summary | |
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Contemporary Law Enforcement | |
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Contemporary Policing: An Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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Why We Have Police | |
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What Police Do | |
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Policing and the People | |
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Traditional Goals of Policing | |
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Contemporary Goals Resulting from Community Policing | |
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Organization of the Department | |
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Administrative Services | |
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Field Services | |
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Rural Policing | |
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The Police Subculture | |
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Styles of Policing | |
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The Police Image | |
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How the Public Really Feels about the Police | |
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Summary | |
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Community Policing, Problem-Solving Policing and Service | |
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Introduction | |
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Community Policing Defined | |
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Historical Roots of Community Policing | |
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The Importance of Community | |
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Involving and Educating Citizens | |
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Partnerships | |
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Problem-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving | |
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Implementing Community Policing | |
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The Effect of Implementing Community Policing | |
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A Community Service Orientation | |
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Youth Programs | |
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Community Crime Prevention Programs | |
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What Works/What Doesn't | |
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Challenges to Community Policing | |
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Benefits of Community Policing to Officers | |
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Serving and Protecting Our Increasingly Diverse Population | |
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Summary | |
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Patrol: The Backbone of Policing | |
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Introduction | |
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Patrol Officer Responsibilities | |
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Management of Patrol Operations | |
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Types of Patrol | |
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Activities While on Patrol | |
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Methods of Patrol | |
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The Traffic Division: An Overview | |
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Enforcing Traffic Laws | |
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Directing and Controlling Traffic | |
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Assisting at and Investigating Traffic Crashes | |
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The Traffic Program | |
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Patrol and Community Policing | |
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Summary | |
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Specialized Roles of Police | |
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Introduction | |
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Investigation | |
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Profilers | |
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Psychics | |
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Intelligence Officers | |
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Juvenile Officers | |
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Vice Officers | |
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SWAT Officers | |
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K-9 Assisted Officers | |
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Reserve Officers | |
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Summary | |
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Challenges to the Profession | |
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Policing within the Law | |
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Introduction | |
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The Fourth Amendment | |
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Stop and Frisk | |
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Roadblocks and Checkpoints | |
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Field Detention | |
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Lawful Searches | |
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Lawful Arrests | |
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De Facto Arrests | |
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Protecting a Suspect's Rights-The Miranda Warning | |
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A Recap of the Landmark Cases | |
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Summary | |
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Gangs and Drugs: Threats to Our National Security | |
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Introduction | |
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The Threat of Gangs | |
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Gangs Defined | |
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Types of Gangs | |
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Racial or Ethnic Gangs | |
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Characteristics of Gangs | |
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Identifying Gangs and Gang Members | |
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Why People Join Gangs | |
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Gang Control Strategies | |
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Gangs and Community Policing | |
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Gangs and the Criminal Justice System | |
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The Enterprise Theory of Investigation | |
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The Threat of Drugs | |
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Narcotics, Marijuana and Other Dangerous Drugs | |
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Alcohol | |
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Illicit Drug Abuse and Crime | |
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Drugs and Society | |
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Drug Control | |
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Summary | |
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Terrorism: The Newest Threat to Our National Security | |
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Introduction | |
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The Threat of Terrorism | |
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Terrorism Defined | |
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Classification of Terrorist Acts | |
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Motivations for Terrorism | |
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Methods Used by Terrorists | |
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A Brief Chronology of Terrorism-Past to Present | |
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September 11, 2001 | |
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The U.S. Response-Detect, Prepare, Prevent, Protect, Respond and Recover | |
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The Critical Role of Local Law Enforcement in Homeland Security | |
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A New Kind of War-An Asymmetric War | |
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Another Homeland Security Initiative: The Center for Food Protection and Defense | |
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The Role of the Media in the War on Terrorism | |
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Concerns Related to the War on Terrorism | |
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Summary | |
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Issues Concerning Police Conduct | |
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Introduction | |
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Discretion | |
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Discrimination or Disparity in Policing: Gender, Class and Race Issues | |
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Use of Force | |
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Police Pursuits | |
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Civil Liability | |
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Corruption, Ethics and Integrity-Where to Draw the Line | |
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Summary | |
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Departmental Issues | |
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Introduction | |
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Evaluating and Selecting an Agency for Employment | |
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The Recruiting Process | |
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The Selection Process | |
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Federal Guidelines and Regulations | |
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Probation and Training | |
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Retention | |
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Civilian Review Boards | |
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Sexual Harassment | |
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Unions | |
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Privatization of Criminal Justice | |
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Moonlighting | |
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Accreditation | |
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Police Professionalism | |
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Summary | |
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Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System | |
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Courts and Corrections: Law Enforcement's Partners in the Criminal Justice System | |
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Introduction | |
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The Police as Gatekeepers to the Criminal Justice System | |
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An American Courtroom | |
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The Court System: An Overview | |
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Specialized Courts | |
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The Adversary System | |
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Key Players in the Judicial Process | |
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Critical Stages in the Criminal Justice Process | |
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Alternatives to a Trial-Diversion | |
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The Trial | |
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Sentencing | |
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Case Review and Appeal | |
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The Corrections System: An Overview | |
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Purposes of Corrections | |
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Probation | |
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Intermediate Sanctions/Community Corrections | |
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Boot Camps | |
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Incarceration | |
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Parole | |
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Community-Based Reintegration Programs | |
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Recidivism | |
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The Death Penalty versus Life without Parole | |
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The Restorative Justice Model | |
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Community Corrections and the Role of Police | |
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Community Justice | |
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A Look to the Future | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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Photo Credits | |