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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Scripture Among the World's Religions | |
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| A Brief History of Scripture Scholarship | |
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| The Nature and Definition of Scripture | |
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| The Uses of Scripture | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages | |
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| World Scriptures and Modern Scholarship | |
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| Scriptures and the World Wide Web | |
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| The Plan of This Book | |
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| A Guide to Pronunciation | |
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| Suggestions on How to Read Scriptures | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Hinduism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Aditi and the Birth of the Gods (Rig-Veda 10.72) | |
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| The Creation Hymn (Rig-Veda 10.129) | |
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| Creation from Brahman (Brihad-Aranyaka Upanishad 1.4.1-7) | |
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| The God Indra (Rig-Veda 2.12) | |
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| The God Shiva (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 3.1-13) | |
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| "That You Are" (Chandogya Upanishad 6.1-2, 9-11) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Creation of the Caste System (Rig-Veda 10.90) | |
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| The Four Castes (Institutes of Vishnu 2.1-17) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Sin and Forgiveness (Rig-Veda 7.86) | |
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| The Way of Asceticism (Mundaka Upanishad 2.1-3, 5-8, 10-13) | |
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| Stages of Life for a Twice-Born Man (Laws of Manu 2.69-74, 191-201; 3.1-19; 6.1-9, 33-49) | |
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| The Life of Women (Laws of Manu 3.55-60; 5.147-165) | |
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| Ritual and Meditation | |
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| The Gayatri Mantra (Rig-Veda 3.62.10) | |
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| Hymn to Agni (Rig-Veda 1.1) | |
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| The Meaning of the Agnihotra Sacrifice (Agni-Brahmana 1.1-19) | |
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| Soma (Rig-Veda 8.48) | |
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| Marriage (Rig-Veda 10.85.20-47) | |
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| Cremation (Rig-Veda 10.16) | |
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| Charms and Spells (Atharva-Veda 6.20; 7.70; 6.9; 3.16) | |
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| Chanting of Om (Chandogya Upanishad 1.1.1-10) | |
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| The Practice of Yoga (Shvetashvatara Upanishad 2.8-15) | |
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| Selections from the Bhagavad-Gita | |
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| Non-Sanskrit Sources (Two Tamil Poets) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Buddhism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Past Lives of Gotama Buddha (Jataka 190) | |
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| The Life of Gotama Buddha (Selections from the Buddhacarita) | |
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| The Death of Gotama Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.1-14, 31-35, 45-48) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Sermon on the Four Noble Truths (Dhammacakkapparattana Sutta, 1-8) | |
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| The Skandhas and the Chain of Causation (Buddhacarita 16.1, 28-50) | |
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| The Essence of Buddhism (The Heart Sutra) | |
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| A Mahayana View of the Buddha (Saddharma-pundarika Sutra 2.36; 10.1) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Conduct of the Monk (Dhammapada 25.360-382) | |
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| Admonition to Laity (Cullavagga, Dhammikasutta 18-29) | |
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| The Wisdom of the Buddha (Dhammapada 1-20, 157-166) | |
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| Organization | |
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| Founding of the Order (Mahavagga 1.6.10, 11-16, 27-30, 32, 34, 37) | |
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| The Rules of Defeat (Patimokkha, Parajika Dhamma 1-4) | |
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| Rules Requiring Formal Meetings (Patimokkha, Samghadisesa Dhamma 1-13) | |
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| The Order of Nuns (Cullavagga 10.1.1-6) | |
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| Ritual and Meditation | |
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| The Relics of the Buddha (Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6.58-60) | |
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| Mindfulness in Meditation (Majjhima-Nikaya, Satipatthanasutta 10.1-9) | |
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| The Merit of Making Images (Taisho Shinshu Daizokyo, 16, no. 694) | |
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| Scripture to Guide the Soul After Death (Bardo Thodol 1.1-2) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Jainism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin, Development, and Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Life of Mahavira (Acaranga Sutra 2.15.6-9, 14, 16-20, 22-25, 27) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Causes of Sin (Acaranga Sutra 1.1-2) | |
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| The Road to Final Deliverance (Uttaradhyayana 28) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Five Great Vows (Acaranga Sutra 2.15.i-v) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Ahimsa (Sutrakritanga 1.7.1-9) | |
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| Rules for Monastic Life (Uttaradhyayana 35) | |
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| The True Monk (Uttaradhyayana 15.1-16) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Sikhism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Selections from the Japji (1-3, 5-6, 9-10, 12-13, 15, 17-18, 20-22, 25, 28-29, 33, 37-Epilogue) | |
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| Remembering God (Gauri Sukhmani, M. 5) | |
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| Creation of the World (Asa Ki Var, M. 1) | |
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| Dancing for Krisna (Rag Gurji, M. 3) | |
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| The Hindu Thread (Asa Ki Var, M. 1) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Prayer for Forgiveness (Rag Bihagra, M. 5) | |
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| Against the Use of Wine (Rag Bihagra, M. 1) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Hymn for the Installation of the Guru Granth (Rag Devgandhari, M. 5) | |
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| A Marriage Hymn (Rag Asa, M. 5) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Guru (Rag Gauri, M. 3) | |
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| God's Power in the Sikh Community (Rag Gauri, M. 5) | |
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| Selections from the Dasam Granth | |
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| Guru Gobind Singh's Story (Vichitar Natak, 6) | |
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| God as the Holy Sword (Vichitar Natak, 1) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Confucianism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Character of Confucius (Analects 2.4; 7.1-9, 19-24; 10.1-4, 8-12) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Virtues of the Superior Man (Analects 1.1-4, 6-9, 14; 15.17-23) | |
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| Benevolence (Analects 4.1-6) | |
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| The Actions of Filiality (Classic of Rites, 10.1, 4, 7, 10-11, 13-15) | |
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| The Attitude of Filiality (Analects 2.5-8; 4.18-21; 13.18) | |
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| Propriety (Analects 3.3-4, 8-9, 12-15, 17-19) | |
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| The Way (Analects 16.2) | |
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| The Love of Learning (Analects 17.8-9, 12) | |
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| The Goodness of Human Nature (Mencius 6.1.1-4, 6) | |
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| The Basis of Good Government (The Great Learning 1-7; 9.1, 3-9) | |
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| The Ruler as Example to the People (Analects 2.18-20; 12.11, 17, 19; 13.5-6) | |
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| Confidence and Prosperity in Government (Mencius 4.3, 9; 1.6.20-24) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Divination (Classic of Changes 1, 47, 54) | |
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| Songs for Sacrifice (Classic of Poetry, Shang 1; Kau 7; Minor Odes 10.1, 3, 5) | |
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| Music and Morality (Classic of Rites 17.2.10-11, 15-18, 20-21) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Taoism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin, Development, and Use | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Nature of the Tao (Tao Te Ching, 1, 6, 25, 34; Chuang-tzu 29) | |
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| The World (Tao Te Ching 7, 42, 52) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Non-action (Chuang-tzu, book 7) | |
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| Individual Life in Harmony with the Tao (Tao Te Ching 16, 22, 33, 44) | |
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| The Superior Man (Chuang-tzu, book 12) | |
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| Government (Tao Te Ching 3, 18, 57, 64) | |
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| On Death (Chuang-tzu, book 18) | |
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| Reward and Retribution (T'ai-Shang, book 1) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| Methods of Prolonging Life (Pao-p'u tzu 15.6b-7a; 19.6b-7a) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Shinto | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Kojiki | |
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| The Nihongi | |
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| Selections from the Kojiki | |
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| Preface to the Kojiki | |
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| The Creation of Japan (Kojiki, Chapters 1-5, 11, 33) | |
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| Emperor Yuryaku and the Story of the Woman Akawi-ko (Kojiki 154) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Zoroastrianism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Call of Zarathushtra (Yasna 29) | |
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| A Hymn of Praise to Zarathushtra (Yasht 24: 87b-94) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Hymn to Ahura and the Purifying Fire (Yasna 36) | |
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| Hymn to Ahura Mazda the Creator (Yasna 37:1-5) | |
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| The Doctrine of Dualism (Yasna 30) | |
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| Worship and Ritual | |
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| The Place of the Gathas (Yasna 55:1-3) | |
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| The Zoroastrian Confession (Yasna 12) | |
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| The Four Great Prayers (From the Yasna) | |
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| Disposal of the Dead (Vendidad, Fargard 6, section 5, 44-51) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-9) | |
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| The Call of Moses (Exodus 3:1-20) | |
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| Crossing the Red Sea (Exodus 14:1-31) | |
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| The Covenant with Israel (Exodus 19:1-8) | |
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| A Psalm for David (Psalm 132) | |
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| Ezra's Enforcement of Torah Observance (Ezra 9:1-7, 13-15; 10:1-12) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:1-9) | |
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| God as the Divine Shepherd (Psalm 23) | |
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| God's Creation of the World (Genesis 1:1-31; 2:1-9, 15-25) | |
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| The Revolt of Humanity (Genesis 3:1-24) | |
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| Prayer for Divine Deliverance (Psalm 5) | |
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| A Light to the Nations (Isaiah 42:1-7) | |
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| The Messianic King (Isaiah 11:1-9) | |
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| The Final Judgment of the World (Daniel 7:1-14) | |
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| Resurrection of the Dead (Daniel 12:1-3) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1-14) | |
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| Laws on Slaves, Violence, Property (Exodus 21:1-36; 22:15-26) | |
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| Justice for All (Exodus 23:1-9) | |
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| Holy War (Deuteronomy 20:1-20) | |
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| Sexual Love (Song of Songs 1:1-2:17) | |
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| God's Call to an Unfaithful People (Amos 4:1-13) | |
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| Two Views of Wisdom (Proverbs 1:1-33; Ecclesiastes 1:1-9) | |
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| The Virtuous Wife (Proverbs 31:10-31) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Ordination of Priests (Exodus 29:1-37) | |
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| A Call to Be a Prophet (Isaiah 6:1-13) | |
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| Women as Judges and Prophets (Judges 4:4-10, 14-16; II Kings 22:11-20) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| The Establishment of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9-14, 23-27) | |
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| The Establishment of the Passover (Exodus 12:1-19, 24-27) | |
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| The Observance of the Sabbath (Exodus 31:12-17) | |
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| Offerings for the Forgiveness of Sin (Leviticus 4:27--5:10) | |
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| The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:1-5, 11-19, 29-34) | |
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| Kosher and Nonkosher Foods (Leviticus 11:1-31, 41-47) | |
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| Selections from the Mishnah and Talmud | |
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| The Sayings of the Fathers (Mishnah, Aboth 1.1-18) | |
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| The Duty to Marry and Have Children (Babylonian Talmud, Yebamoth 61b-63) | |
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| Praising God in Bad Times (Babylonian Talmud, Berakoth 5) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Birth of Jesus the Messiah (Matthew 1:18-25) | |
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| Jesus Denounces Pharisees and Lawyers (Luke 11:37-54) | |
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| Jesus' Miracles (Luke 8:26-56) | |
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| The Arrest, Trial, and Death of Jesus (Mark 14:43-50, 53-65; 15:1-41) | |
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| The Resurrection of Jesus (Mark 16:1-8) | |
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| The Ascension of Jesus (Acts 1:6-11) | |
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| The Coming of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1-21) | |
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| Persecution of the Apostles (Acts 5:27-42) | |
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| The Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-21) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Parables of Jesus (Mark 4:1-34) | |
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| The Word Became Human (John 1:1-18) | |
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| Nicodemus Visits Jesus (John 3:1-21) | |
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| A Sinful Woman Forgiven (Luke 7:36-50) | |
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| Results of Justification (Romans 5:1-11) | |
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| The Resurrection of Christ and the Believer (I Corinthians 15:1-11, 35-58) | |
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| The End of Time (Matthew 25:31-46; Revelation 20:1-21:4) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) | |
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| Directions Concerning Marriage (I Corinthians 7:1-16, 25-40) | |
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| Love (I Corinthians 13:1-13) | |
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| Ethics in the Christian Household (Ephesians 5:21-6:9) | |
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| Being Subject to Authorities (Romans 13:1-10) | |
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| The Fall of Rome (Revelation 17:1-18:5) | |
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| Organization | |
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| The Twelve Apostles and Their Mission (Matthew 10:1-15) | |
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| Matthew's Church Order (Matthew 18:1-22) | |
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| Peter as the Rock (Matthew 16:13-20) | |
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| Qualifications of Bishops and Deacons (I Timothy 3:1-13) | |
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| Women in the Early Church (Luke 10:38-42; I Corinthians 11:2-16; Galatians 3:27-28; I Timothy 2:8-15) | |
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| Ritual | |
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| The Eucharist (Matthew 26:17-29; John 6:22-59) | |
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| Baptism (Matthew 28:16-20; Romans 6:1-14) | |
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| Confession and Anointing (James 5:13-18) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Islam | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Name | |
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| Overview of Structure | |
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| Origin and Development | |
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| Use | |
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| History | |
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| The Call of Muhammad (96; 53:1-18) | |
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| The Mission of Muhammad (11:1-16; 93) | |
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| Opposition to Muhammad (52:30-49; 63) | |
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| The Night Journey (17:1-2) | |
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| The Flight to Medina (9:40) | |
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| The Wives of Muhammad (33:28-40, 48-49) | |
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| The Death of Muhammad (21:34-37) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| God's Absolute Oneness (6:100-103; 112) | |
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| God's Names (59:22-24) | |
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| God's Power (24:41-46; 6:95-99) | |
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| God's Predestination (42:8-13; 7:177-182) | |
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| Jinn (72:1-15) | |
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| Creation (15:16-48; 16:1-17) | |
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| Adam, Eve, and the Fall (2:28-37) | |
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| The Holy Quran (42:50-53; 46:1-11; 2:81-85) | |
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| Abraham and Relations to Judaism (37:82-110) | |
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| Mary and Jesus, Relations to Christianity (3:38-50) | |
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| Unbelievers, Jews, and Christians (9:1-7; 2:111-121, 132-137) | |
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| Resurrection and Judgment (75:1-15; 69:14-35) | |
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| Heaven and Hell (76:1-22; 56:1-39; 77:1-39) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Conduct of Believers (17:23-39) | |
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| Women (4:19-22, 34-39; 2:220-223, 227-233) | |
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| Against Evil Magic (113; 114) | |
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| Holy War (48:11-21; 2:190-194, 216-218) | |
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| Law Codes (4:1-10) | |
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| Worship and Ritual | |
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| The Opening of the Quran (1) | |
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| Confession of Faith (57:1-7; 37:32-39) | |
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| Prayer (2:142-149) | |
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| Alms (107; 9:53-60) | |
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| The Fast (2:183-186) | |
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| Pilgrimage (2:124-130; 106; 2:196-199) | |
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| The Mosque (24:36-38; 9:15-18) | |
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| Selections from the Hadith | |
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| On Innovations | |
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| On Ritual Washings | |
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| On Prayer | |
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| On Alms | |
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| On God | |
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| On the Power of Reading the Quran | |
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| On Judgment | |
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| On Obeying Muhammad and the Ruler | |
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| On the Martyr in Holy War | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |