| |
| |
| |
The Nature of Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
Acoustics and Music | |
| |
| |
| |
Kinds of acoustics | |
| |
| |
| |
"... But is it music?" | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizing Our Study of Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
The Physical Nature of Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
The value of wave analogies | |
| |
| |
| |
The Speed of Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
Pressure and Sound Amplitude | |
| |
| |
| |
Waves and Vibrations | |
| |
| |
| |
The Time Element in Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
Waveforms | |
| |
| |
| |
The ubiquitous oscilloscope | |
| |
| |
| |
Functional Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple Harmonic Oscillation | |
| |
| |
| |
Mass and weight | |
| |
| |
| |
Work, Energy, and Resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Sources of Sound | |
| |
| |
| |
Classifying Sound Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Percussion Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
String Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Wind Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Source Size | |
| |
| |
| |
Transposing instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound from the Natural Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Propagation | |
| |
| |
| |
Reflection and Refraction | |
| |
| |
| |
Diffraction | |
| |
| |
| |
The wave nature of matter | |
| |
| |
| |
Outdoor Music | |
| |
| |
| |
The Doppler Effect | |
| |
| |
| |
Interference and Beats | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Intensity and Its Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
Amplitude, Energy, and Intensity | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Level and the Decibel Scale | |
| |
| |
| |
The sound level meter | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound levels in music | |
| |
| |
| |
The Inverse-Square Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Environmental Noise | |
| |
| |
| |
Combined Sound Levels and Interference | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining amplitudes, intensities, and sound levels | |
| |
| |
| |
The Human Ear and Its Response | |
| |
| |
| |
The Mechanism of the Human Ear | |
| |
| |
| |
Limits of Audibility and Discrimination | |
| |
| |
| |
Hearing loss | |
| |
| |
| |
Characteristics of Steady Single Tones | |
| |
| |
| |
Loudness and Intensity | |
| |
| |
| |
The psychophysical law | |
| |
| |
| |
Pitch and Frequency | |
| |
| |
| |
Pitch and Loudness Together | |
| |
| |
| |
Timbre and Instrument Recognition | |
| |
| |
| |
Elemental Ingredients Of Music | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizing Musical Events in Time | |
| |
| |
| |
Melody and Harmony | |
| |
| |
| |
Scales and Intervals | |
| |
| |
| |
The chromatic scale in equal temperament | |
| |
| |
| |
The Harmonic Series | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Spectra and Electronic Synthesis | |
| |
| |
| |
Prototype Steady Tones | |
| |
| |
| |
Periodic Waves and Fourier Spectra | |
| |
| |
| |
Modulated Tones | |
| |
| |
| |
Electronic and Computer Music | |
| |
| |
| |
Musical uses of computers | |
| |
| |
| |
Percussion Instruments and Natural Modes | |
| |
| |
| |
Searching for Simplicity | |
| |
| |
| |
Coupled Pendulums | |
| |
| |
| |
Natural Modes and Their Frequencies | |
| |
| |
| |
Tuning Forks and Xylophone Bars | |
| |
| |
| |
Drums, Cymbals, and Bells | |
| |
| |
| |
Tympani | |
| |
| |
| |
Striking Points and Vibration Recipes | |
| |
| |
| |
Damped Vibrations | |
| |
| |
| |
Piano and Guitar Strings | |
| |
| |
| |
Natural Modes of a Thin String | |
| |
| |
| |
Standing and traveling waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Vibration Recipes for Plucked Strings | |
| |
| |
| |
Vibration Recipes for the Piano | |
| |
| |
| |
The piano action | |
| |
| |
| |
Piano Scaling and Tuning | |
| |
| |
| |
Impedance matching | |
| |
| |
| |
The Bowed String | |
| |
| |
| |
Violin Construction | |
| |
| |
| |
Bowing and String Vibrations | |
| |
| |
| |
Resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy flow and resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Radiation from String Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Blown Pipes and Flutes | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Column Vibrations | |
| |
| |
| |
Acoustic standing waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluid Jets and Edgetones | |
| |
| |
| |
Examples of flow instability | |
| |
| |
| |
Organ Flue Pipes | |
| |
| |
| |
Organ Registration and Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Fingerholes and Recorders | |
| |
| |
| |
The Transverse Flute | |
| |
| |
| |
Blown Reed Instruments | |
| |
| |
| |
Organ Reed Pipes | |
| |
| |
| |
The Reed Woodwinds | |
| |
| |
| |
The Brass Family | |
| |
| |
| |
A chromatic scale for the trumpet | |
| |
| |
| |
Playable Notes and Harmonic Spectra | |
| |
| |
| |
The tacet horn | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
The Human Voice | |
| |
| |
| |
The Vocal Apparatus | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Production | |
| |
| |
| |
The Bernoulli effect | |
| |
| |
| |
Formants | |
| |
| |
| |
Special Characteristics of the Singing Voice | |
| |
| |
| |
Room Acoustics | |
| |
| |
| |
General Criteria for Room Acoustics | |
| |
| |
| |
Traveling and standing waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Reverberation Time | |
| |
| |
| |
Reverberation Calculation | |
| |
| |
| |
Reverberant Sound Levels | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Reinforcement | |
| |
| |
| |
Spatial Perception | |
| |
| |
| |
Anechoic chambers and reverberation chambers | |
| |
| |
| |
Sound Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Electric and Magnetic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
Transducers | |
| |
| |
| |
Microphones | |
| |
| |
| |
Amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
Recording | |
| |
| |
| |
Equalization | |
| |
| |
| |
Loudspeakers | |
| |
| |
| |
Multiphonic Sound Reproduction | |
| |
| |
| |
The Ear Revisited | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Pitch Judgment | |
| |
| |
| |
Pitch Perception Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
Modern Pitch Perception Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical Bands | |
| |
| |
| |
The uncertainty principle | |
| |
| |
| |
Combination Tones | |
| |
| |
| |
Loudness and Masking | |
| |
| |
| |
Timbre | |
| |
| |
| |
Harmonic Intervals and Tuning | |
| |
| |
| |
Interval Perception | |
| |
| |
| |
Intervals and the Harmonic Series | |
| |
| |
| |
Musical Scales | |
| |
| |
| |
The Impossibility of Perfect Tuning | |
| |
| |
| |
Tuning and Temperament | |
| |
| |
| |
Moods, keys, and transposition | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure in Music | |
| |
| |
| |
Melodies and Modes | |
| |
| |
| |
Chords and Harmonic Progressions | |
| |
| |
| |
Consonance and Dissonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Musical Forms and Styles | |
| |
| |
| |
Epilogue: Science and Esthetics | |
| |
| |
| |
Written Music | |
| |
| |
| |
The Metric System | |
| |
| |
| |
Units for Physical Measurements | |
| |
| |
| |
Scientific Notation and Computation | |
| |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
| |
Hints and Answers to Selected Exercises | |
| |
| |
Index | |
| |
| |
The Chromatic Scale; The Harmonic Series Slider | |