Drawing Statistical Conclusions | p. 1 |
Case Studies | p. 2 |
Statistical Inference and Study Design | p. 5 |
Measuring Uncertainty in Randomized Experiments | p. 10 |
Measuring Uncertainty in Observational Studies | p. 14 |
Related Issues | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 22 |
Exercises | p. 22 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 22 |
Computational Exercises | p. 24 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 26 |
Inference Using t-Distributions | p. 28 |
Case Studies | p. 29 |
One-Sample t-Tools and the Paired t-Test | p. 31 |
A t-Ratio for Two-sample Inference | p. 37 |
Inferences in a Two-Treatment Randomized Experiment | p. 44 |
Related Issues | p. 46 |
Summary | p. 49 |
Exercises | p. 50 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 50 |
Computational Exercises | p. 51 |
Data Problems | p. 52 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 54 |
A Closer Look at Assumptions | p. 56 |
Case Studies | p. 57 |
Robustness of the Two-Sample t-Tools | p. 60 |
Resistance of the Two-Sample t-Tools | p. 64 |
Practical Strategies for the Two-Sample Problem | p. 65 |
Transformations of the Data | p. 68 |
Related Issues | p. 73 |
Summary | p. 74 |
Exercises | p. 75 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 75 |
Computational Exercises | p. 77 |
Data Problems | p. 81 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 82 |
Alternatives to the t-Tools | p. 85 |
Case Studies | p. 86 |
The Rank-Sum Test | p. 89 |
Other Alternatives for Two Independent Samples | p. 95 |
Alternatives for Paired Data | p. 99 |
Related Issues | p. 101 |
Summary | p. 104 |
Exercises | p. 105 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 105 |
Computational Exercises | p. 106 |
Data Problems | p. 108 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 111 |
Comparisons Among Several Samples | p. 113 |
Case Studies | p. 114 |
Comparing Any Two of the Several Means | p. 119 |
The One-Way Analysis of Variance F-Test | p. 121 |
More Applications of the Extra-Sum-of-Squares F-Test | p. 127 |
Robustness and Model Checking | p. 130 |
Related Issues | p. 133 |
Summary | p. 140 |
Exercises | p. 141 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 141 |
Computational Exercises | p. 141 |
Data Problems | p. 146 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 147 |
Linear Combinations and Multiple Comparisons of Means | p. 149 |
Case Studies | p. 150 |
Inferences About Linear Combinations of Group Means | p. 152 |
Simultaneous Inferences | p. 159 |
Some Multiple Comparison Procedures | p. 161 |
Related Issues | p. 165 |
Summary | p. 168 |
Exercises | p. 168 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 168 |
Computational Exercises | p. 169 |
Data Problems | p. 171 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 172 |
Simple Linear Regression: A Model for the Mean | p. 174 |
Case Studies | p. 175 |
The Simple Linear Regression Model | p. 178 |
Least Squares Regression Estimation | p. 181 |
Inferential Tools | p. 186 |
Related Issues | p. 192 |
Summary | p. 195 |
Exercises | p. 196 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 196 |
Computational Exercises | p. 196 |
Data Problems | p. 202 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 205 |
A Closer Look at Assumptions for Simple Linear Regression | p. 206 |
Case Studies | p. 207 |
Robustness of Least Squares Inferences | p. 210 |
Graphical Tools for Model Assessment | p. 212 |
Interpretation After Log Transformations | p. 215 |
Assessment of Fit Using the Analysis of Variance | p. 217 |
Related Issues | p. 221 |
Summary | p. 225 |
Exercises | p. 226 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 226 |
Computational Exercises | p. 227 |
Data Problems | p. 230 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 233 |
Multiple Regression | p. 235 |
Case Studies | p. 236 |
Regression Coefficients | p. 240 |
Specially Constructed Explanatory Variables | p. 243 |
A Strategy for Data Analysis | p. 250 |
Graphical Methods for Data Exploration and Presentation | p. 251 |
Related Issues | p. 256 |
Summary | p. 257 |
Exercises | p. 258 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 258 |
Computational Exercises | p. 260 |
Data Problems | p. 264 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 265 |
Inferential Tools for Multiple Regression | p. 267 |
Case Studies | p. 268 |
Inferences About Regression Coefficients | p. 271 |
Extra-Sums-of-Squares F-Tests | p. 280 |
Related Issues | p. 285 |
Summary | p. 291 |
Exercises | p. 292 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 292 |
Computational Exercises | p. 294 |
Data Problems | p. 299 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 302 |
Model Checking and Refinement | p. 304 |
Case Studies | p. 305 |
Residual Plots | p. 310 |
A Strategy for Dealing with Influential Observations | p. 313 |
Case-Influence Statistics | p. 316 |
Refining the Model | p. 321 |
Related Issues | p. 328 |
Summary | p. 330 |
Exercises | p. 331 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 331 |
Computational Exercises | p. 332 |
Data Problems | p. 335 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 337 |
Strategies for Variable Selection | p. 338 |
Case Studies | p. 339 |
Specific Issues Relating to Many Explanatory Variables | p. 345 |
Sequential Variable Selection Techniques | p. 350 |
Model Selection Among All Subsets | p. 354 |
Posterior Beliefs About Different Models | p. 358 |
Analysis of the Sex Discrimination Data | p. 358 |
Related Issues | p. 362 |
Summary | p. 366 |
Exercises | p. 367 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 367 |
Computational Exercises | p. 268 |
Data Problems | p. 370 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 372 |
The Analysis of Variance for Two-Way Classifications | p. 374 |
Case Studies | p. 375 |
Additive and Nonadditive Models for Two-Way Tables | p. 378 |
Analysis of the Seaweed Grazer Data | p. 382 |
Analysis of the Pygmalion Data | p. 392 |
Related Issues | p. 398 |
Summary | p. 403 |
Exercises | p. 404 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 404 |
Computational Exercises | p. 404 |
Data Problems | p. 407 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 408 |
Multifactor Studies Without Replication | p. 409 |
Case Studies | p. 410 |
Strategies for Analyzing Tables with One Observation per Cell | p. 414 |
Analysis of the Chimpanzee Learning Times Study | p. 415 |
Analysis of the Soybean Data | p. 421 |
Related Issues | p. 427 |
Summary | p. 431 |
Exercises | p. 432 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 432 |
Computational Exercises | p. 432 |
Data Problems | p. 433 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 435 |
Adjustment for Serial Correlation | p. 436 |
Case Studies | p. 437 |
Comparing the Means of Two Time Series | p. 439 |
Regression After Transformation in the AR(1) Model | p. 445 |
Determining if Serial Correlation is Present | p. 448 |
Diagnostic Procedures for Judging the Adequacy of the AR(1) Model | p. 450 |
Related Issues | p. 454 |
Summary | p. 455 |
Exercises | p. 456 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 456 |
Computational Exercises | p. 456 |
Data Problems | p. 458 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 461 |
Repeated Measures and Other Multivariate Responses | p. 462 |
Case Studies | p. 463 |
Tools and Strategies for Analyzing Repeated Measures | p. 466 |
Comparing the Means of Bivariate Responses in Two Groups | p. 471 |
One-Sample Analysis with Bivariate Responses | p. 479 |
Related Issues | p. 483 |
Related Issues | p. 486 |
Summary | p. 488 |
Exercises | p. 489 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 489 |
Computational Exercises | p. 490 |
Data Problems | p. 494 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 496 |
Exploratory Tools for Summarizing Multivariate Responses | p. 497 |
Case Studies | p. 498 |
Linear Combinations of Variables | p. 502 |
Principal Components Analysis | p. 504 |
Canonical Correlations Analysis | p. 511 |
Introduction to Other Multivariate Tools | p. 515 |
Summary | p. 521 |
Exercises | p. 522 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 522 |
Computational Exercises | p. 524 |
Data Problems | p. 525 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 528 |
Comparisons of Proportions or Odds | p. 529 |
Case Studies | p. 530 |
Inferences for the Difference of Two Proportions | p. 533 |
Inference About the Ratio of Two Odds | p. 538 |
Inference from Retrospective Studies | p. 542 |
Summary | p. 545 |
Exercises | p. 546 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 546 |
Computational Exercises | p. 548 |
Data Problems | p. 550 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 550 |
More Tools for Tables of Counts | p. 552 |
Case Studies | p. 553 |
Population Models for 2 x 2 Tables of Counts | p. 555 |
The Chi-Squared Test | p. 559 |
Fisher's Exact Test: The Randomization (Permutation) Test for 2 x 2 Tables | p. 562 |
Combining Results from Several Tables with Equal Odds Ratios | p. 566 |
Related Issues | p. 570 |
Summary | p. 571 |
Exercises | p. 572 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 572 |
Computational Exercises | p. 573 |
Data Problems | p. 576 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 577 |
Logistic Regression for Binary Response Variables | p. 579 |
Case Studies | p. 580 |
The Logistic Regression Model | p. 583 |
Estimation of Logistic Regression Coefficients | p. 587 |
The Drop-In-Deviance Test | p. 592 |
Strategies for Data Analysis Using Logistic Regression | p. 595 |
Analyses of Case Studies | p. 596 |
Related Issues | p. 600 |
Summary | p. 601 |
Exercises | p. 602 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 602 |
Computational Exercises | p. 603 |
Data Problems | p. 605 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 608 |
Logistic Regression for Binomial Counts | p. 609 |
Case Studies | p. 610 |
Logistic Regression for Binomial Responses | p. 614 |
Model Assessment | p. 615 |
Inferences about Logistic Regression Coefficients | p. 618 |
Extra-Binomial Variation | p. 621 |
Analysis of Moth Predation Data | p. 624 |
Related Issues | p. 627 |
Summary | p. 636 |
Exercises | p. 637 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 637 |
Computational Exercises | p. 638 |
Data Problems | p. 640 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 642 |
Log-Linear Regression for Poisson Counts | p. 644 |
Case Studies | p. 645 |
Log-Linear Regression for Poisson Responses | p. 648 |
Model Assessment | p. 651 |
Inferences about Log-Linear Regression Coefficients | p. 654 |
Extra-Poisson Variation and the Log-Linear Model | p. 656 |
Related Issues | p. 660 |
Summary | p. 662 |
Exercises | p. 663 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 663 |
Computational Exercises | p. 664 |
Data Problems | p. 665 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 668 |
Elements of Research Design | p. 669 |
Case Study | p. 670 |
Considerations in Forming Research Objectives | p. 670 |
Research Design Tool Kit | p. 671 |
Design Choices that Affect Accuracy and Precision | p. 674 |
Choosing a Sample Size | p. 678 |
Steps in Designing a Study | p. 680 |
Related Issue--A Factor of Four | p. 687 |
Summary | p. 688 |
Exercises | p. 689 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 689 |
Study Designs for Discussion | p. 689 |
Computational Exercises | p. 690 |
Data Problems | p. 691 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 692 |
Factorial Treatment Arrangements and Blocking Designs | p. 693 |
Case Study | p. 694 |
Treatments | p. 695 |
Factorial Arrangement of Treatment Levels | p. 697 |
Blocking | p. 706 |
Summary | p. 710 |
Exercises | p. 711 |
Conceptual Exercises | p. 711 |
Computational Exercises | p. 713 |
Data Problems | p. 713 |
Answers to Conceptual Exercises | p. 713 |
Tables | p. 715 |
Probabilities of the Standard Normal Distribution | p. 716 |
Selected Percentiles of t-Distributions | p. 718 |
Selected Percentiles of Chi-Squared Distributions | p. 719 |
Selected Percentiles of F-Distributions | p. 720 |
Selected Percentiles of Studentized Range Distributions | p. 728 |
Bibliography | p. 732 |
Index | p. 734 |
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