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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Introduction: Convergence and the Electronic Media | |
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| The Electronic Media Today | |
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| The Mass Communication Model | |
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| Media Functions | |
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| The Convergence of Telephone and Television | |
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| Multimedia | |
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| Future Media Businesses | |
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| Information and Entertainment | |
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| Preparing for the Future | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Electronic Media History, Foundations, and the Law | |
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| Foundations of Electronic Media | |
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| From Wire to Wireless to Wire | |
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| The Industrial Age: 1850-1900 | |
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| The Telegraph | |
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| Broadcasting's Prehistory | |
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| Maxwell and Hertz | |
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| Marconi: Inventor and Entrepreneur | |
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| Fessenden: Voice Experiments | |
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| De Forest: The Father of Radio | |
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| Corporate Players Emerge | |
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| Maritime Radio: The Era of American Expansion | |
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| Radio Technology and Sea Power | |
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| The Titanic: A Catalyst | |
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| The Radio Act of 1912 | |
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| World War I | |
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| The Roaring Twenties: Anything Goes | |
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| Radio After World War I | |
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| Corporate Stations | |
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| KDKA: "First in the United States" | |
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| Popularizing the New Medium | |
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| WEAF: ATandT Advances | |
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| WJZ: RCA's Key Station | |
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| The Birth of NBC | |
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| The Birth of CBS | |
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| William S. Paley Creates Networks | |
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| The Mutual Broadcasting System | |
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| Programming | |
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| The Thirties: A Need for Escapism | |
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| Replacing the Hearth | |
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| The Thirties' Favorite Recreation | |
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| Radio News Grows Up | |
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| The Press-Radio War | |
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| Radio During World War II | |
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| Armstrong and FM | |
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| Television: RCA Versus Farnsworth | |
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| Wartime Transition | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Electronic Media: World War II to the Telecommunication Revolution | |
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| Radio Growth and Transition | |
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| Top 40 | |
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| Payola | |
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| FM Emerges | |
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| FM Growth | |
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| Television: Growth and Transition | |
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| The Freeze Is Lifted | |
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| The Golden Age of Television: The Fifties | |
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| The Move to Hollywood | |
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| The Game Show Scandal | |
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| Television Grows Up: The Sixties | |
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| Government Regulation and Public Pressure | |
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| The Rise of Syndication | |
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| The Noncommercial Alternative | |
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| Transition to Public Broadcasting | |
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| PBS into the Marketplace | |
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| New Competition: Cable TV | |
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| The Video Marketplace: The Seventies | |
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| Cable Expands | |
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| Other Technologies Emerge | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Wired and Wireless Interpersonal Telecommunication Systems | |
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| Visual Communication Systems | |
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| The Telegraph | |
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| The Invention | |
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| The Expanding Business | |
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| Early Competition | |
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| The Industry Peaks | |
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| The Telephone | |
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| The Invention | |
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| The Expanding Business | |
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| Early Competition | |
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| ATandT Moves into Mass Media | |
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| The World's Largest Corporation | |
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| Satellite Communications | |
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| The Beginning of the End for Ma Bell | |
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| The Breakup of ATandT | |
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| The Outcome: Bell Today | |
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| Converging Systems: Telcos and Cable | |
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| Data Communication Networks | |
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| Telecommunication Networks | |
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| The Internet | |
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| Wireless Telecommunication Networks | |
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| Cellular Telephone | |
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| VSAT | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Foundations of Electronic Media Regulation | |
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| Key Issues | |
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| The Airwaves as a Natural Resource | |
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| Censorship | |
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| Corporate Monopoly | |
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| The 1927 Radio Act | |
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| Precedents: Balanced Programming | |
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| The Communications Act of 1934 | |
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| Loosening the Chains | |
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| Programming and the Law | |
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| The Blue Book | |
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| The 1960 Program Policy Statement | |
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| The Fairness Doctrine | |
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| Political Campaign Law: Section 315 | |
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| New Technology, Deregulation, and the Marketplace | |
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| The Telecommunications Act of 1996 | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Operational Regulations for the Electronic Media | |
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| The Organization of the FCC | |
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| Rule Making and Enforcement Process | |
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| Statutory and Related Applied Law | |
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| FCC Rules and Regulations | |
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| Sections 315 and 312-7a: Questions and Obligations | |
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| The Fairness Doctrine | |
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| Indecent, Obscene, and Profane Material | |
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| News Distortion | |
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| Hypoing | |
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| False or Deceptive Advertising | |
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| Multiple Ownership | |
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| Equal Employment Opportunity Regulations | |
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| Children's Television Advertising | |
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| Professional Advertising | |
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| International Advertising | |
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| Public Files | |
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| Station Identification | |
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| Sponsored Programs | |
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| Recordings | |
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| Payola and Plugola | |
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| Fraudulent Billing | |
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| Advertising Tobacco Products | |
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| Cable and New Technology Regulation | |
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| Copyright Issues | |
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| "Must Carry" and Retransmission Consent | |
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| New-Technology Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| The Business of Electronic Media: Systems, Sales, and Programming | |
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| Patterns of Media Organization and Ownership | |
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| Ownership of Radio and Television Stations | |
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| The Broadcast Station: The Retailer | |
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| Obtaining a Broadcast License | |
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| Ownership Limits | |
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| Network Owners | |
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| Group Owners | |
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| Cross-ownership | |
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| Local Owners | |
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| Station Organization | |
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| Ownership Patterns in Cable Television | |
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| Early Locally Owned Systems | |
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| The Multisystem Cable Owner | |
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| Vertical Integration | |
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| Multinational Ambitions | |
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| Cable System Organizational Structure | |
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| Ancillary Businesses in Broadcasting | |
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| The Networks: Then | |
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| The Networks: Now | |
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| Network/Affiliate Relationships | |
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| The Future of the Networks | |
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| Satellite-Delivered Cable Networks | |
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| Content Providers | |
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| The Consultants | |
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| Unions and Guilds | |
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| Music Licensing | |
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| Professional Associations | |
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| Business Infrastructure | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Commercial and Economic Structures | |
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| Traditional Economics | |
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| The Advertiser as Customer | |
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| The Sales Department | |
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| Selling Tools of the Broadcast Station | |
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| Other Sales Strategies | |
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| Advertising Agencies | |
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| Station Representative Companies | |
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| The Audience as Customer | |
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| Programming for the Customer | |
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| Promotion of the Program | |
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| Cable Economics | |
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| Revenue Structure of the New Media | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Radio Programming | |
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| Contemporary Radio Emerges | |
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| Radio Dayparts | |
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| The Radio Clock | |
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| Contemporary Radio Formats | |
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| Adult Contemporary | |
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| Top 40/Contemporary-Hit Radio | |
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| AOR/Classic Rock | |
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| Country | |
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| Urban Contemporary | |
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| Easy Listening | |
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| Other Music Formats | |
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| Information: News/Talk | |
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| Local Programming | |
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| Sources of Programming | |
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| Radio Programming Issues | |
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| Indecency | |
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| Consolidation | |
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| New Technology and the Future | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Broadcast Television Programming | |
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| The Programming Department | |
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| Television Audiences | |
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| Programming on the Product Shelf | |
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| Television Dayparts | |
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| Program Types | |
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| Program Sources | |
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| Scheduling Strategies | |
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| Network Programming | |
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| The Business of Syndication | |
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| Programming Costs | |
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| Cable Programming | |
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| Must Carry | |
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| Superstations | |
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| Pay Networks | |
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| Basic Cable | |
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| Local-Origination and Access Channels | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| News and Information Programming | |
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| Defining News | |
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| Network News | |
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| Local News | |
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| Deregulation and Local News | |
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| Technology: Reshaping the News | |
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| The Newsroom | |
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| The News Director | |
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| Producers and Assignment Editors | |
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| Reporters and Field Producers | |
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| Anchors and Talent | |
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| Support Staff | |
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| Sources: AP and UPI | |
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| Specialized Wire and Computer Services | |
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| Network Feeds | |
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| News Bureaus | |
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| Satellite News Gathering | |
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| Cable News Network | |
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| Video News Releases | |
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| News Inserts | |
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| News Programming Strategies | |
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| Content Treatment | |
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| Promotions | |
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| Leads--In and Out | |
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| Consultant Research | |
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| Talent | |
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| Critical Trends in News and Information Media | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Audience Analysis and Marketing | |
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| Understanding Research | |
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| Early Research Companies | |
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| Defining Market | |
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| The Research Sample | |
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| Data Gathering | |
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| Diaries | |
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| Telephone Surveys | |
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| Electronic Meters | |
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| Personal Interviews | |
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| In-house and Consultant Research | |
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| Data Analysis: Ratings and Shares | |
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| Research Reports | |
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| Radio: Arbitron | |
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| Television: Nielsen | |
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| Applying the Research | |
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| Radio | |
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| Television | |
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| Sales and Marketing Applications | |
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| Criticism of Audience Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Corporate and Instructional Electronic Media | |
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| Corporate Video | |
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| Corporate Programming Goals | |
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| Internal Communications | |
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| Orientation | |
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| Training | |
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| Information | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Documentation | |
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| External Communications | |
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| Sales Information | |
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| Product Demonstrations | |
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| Public Relations | |
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| News Releases | |
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| Corporate Video Departments | |
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| The Future of Corporate Video | |
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| Distance Learning | |
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| History of Instructional Television | |
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| Distance-Learning Technologies | |
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| Distance Learning Today | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Electronic Media Technology | |
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| Audio and Video Systems | |
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| Tools of the Trade | |
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| Properties of Sound | |
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| Frequency and Amplitude | |
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| The Sound Path | |
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| Signal Generation | |
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| Signal Processing | |
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| Audio Signal Storage Equipment | |
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| Analog Versus Digital Transduction | |
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| Signal Transmission or Distribution | |
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| Signal Reception, Decoding, and Presentation | |
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| Digital Broadcasting | |
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| The Television Sound Path | |
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| Properties of Vision | |
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| Decoding Technology | |
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| The Television Receiver | |
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| New Display Technologies | |
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| Encoding Technology | |
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| The Video Camera | |
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| Computer-Generated Video | |
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| Signal Manipulation | |
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| The Video Production Switcher | |
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| Monitoring Systems | |
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| Processing Amplifiers | |
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| Edit Controllers | |
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| Storage | |
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| Videotape Recording | |
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| Digital Recording | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Distribution Systems | |
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| Broadcast Communication Systems | |
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| The Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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| The Carrier Wave | |
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| AM Radio | |
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| FM Radio | |
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| Broadcast Television | |
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| Other Broadcast Technologies | |
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| Satellites | |
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| Wired Communication Systems | |
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| Network Standards | |
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| Video Compression | |
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| Cable Television Systems | |
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| Fiber-optic Distribution Systems | |
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| Physical Distribution | |
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| Home Audio: The Phonograph | |
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| Magnetic Tape | |
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| Optical Audio | |
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| Home Video | |
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| Optical Video | |
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| Digitizing the Technology | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Electronic Media and Society | |
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| The Global Village | |
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| A Framework for Regulation | |
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| International Telecommunication Agreements | |
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| International Broadcasting | |
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| National Broadcast Systems | |
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| Comparative Domestic Broadcast Systems | |
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| Canada | |
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| Mexico | |
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| Great Britain | |
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| Germany | |
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| Turkey | |
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| Russia | |
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| Saudi Arabia | |
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| India | |
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| Japan | |
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| People's Republic of China | |
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| Worldwide Media Distribution | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Effects and Influences of the Electronic Media | |
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| Effects and Influences of the Media | |
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| Effects Theories | |
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| Violence Theories | |
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| Media Stereotypes | |
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| Children and Media Effects | |
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| Politics and Media Effects | |
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| Advertising and the Media | |
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| Summary | |
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| InfoTrac College Edition Exercises | |
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| Web Watch | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References and Suggested Readings | |
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| Index | |