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| Preface | |
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| Table of Japanese Religious History | |
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| Map of Japan | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Five Religious Strands | |
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| Unity and Diversity | |
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| Persistent Themes in Japanese Religious History | |
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| The Closeness of Human Beings, Gods, and Nature | |
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| The Religious Character of the Family | |
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| The Significance of Purification, Specific Rituals, and Amulets | |
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| The Prominence of Local Festivals and Individual Cults | |
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| The Pervasiveness of Religion in Everyday Life | |
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| The Intimate Bond Between Religion and the Nation | |
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| The Traditional Worldview | |
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| The Formation of Japanese Religion | |
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| The Prehistoric Heritage | |
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| The Beginnings of Japanese Culture | |
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| The Evidence and Meaning of the Earliest Religion in Japan | |
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| The Religious Significance of Burial and the Dead | |
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| The Religious Significance of Fertility | |
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| The Religious Significance of Divine Descent | |
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| Early Shinto | |
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| Mythological Materials and the Origins of Shinto | |
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| The Organization of Shinto: Priests and Rituals in Shrines | |
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| Distinctive Characteristics of Shinto | |
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| Early Japanese Buddhism: Indian Influence with Chinese Coloration | |
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| The Introduction of Buddhism as a Foreign Religion | |
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| Buddhism's Impact on the Court and the State | |
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| Buddhism as a State Religion | |
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| The Six Philosophical Schools of Nara Buddhism | |
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| The Sanron School | |
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| The Decline of Nara Buddhism | |
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| Confucianism and Taoism: Chinese Importations | |
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| Confucianism: Explicit Chinese Influence on State and Society | |
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| Taoism: Implicit Chinese Influence on Beliefs and Rituals | |
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| Confucianism and Taoism as Japanese Traditions | |
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| Folk Religion: Religiosity Outside Organized Religion | |
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| Aspects of Japanese Folk Religion | |
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| Folk Religion in Family, Village, and Occupation | |
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| The Individual and Folk Religion | |
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| Interaction in the Formation of Japanese Religion | |
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| The Interaction of Religious Traditions | |
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| The Formation of a Distinctive Japanese Religious Tradition | |
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| The Development and Elaboration of Japanese Religion | |
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| The Development of a Japanese Buddhism: Shingon and Tendai | |
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| The New Buddhism of the Heian Period | |
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| Shingon: Esoteric Buddhism in Japan | |
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| Tendai: The Lotus Sutra, Proper Ordination for Monks, and Buddahood for All Humans | |
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| The Development of Japanese Buddhism and Japanese Religion | |
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| Elaboration within Japanese Buddhism: Pure Land, Nichiren, and Zen Buddhism | |
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| Buddhism: From Heian to Kamakura Times | |
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| The Pure Land Sects: Faith in Amida and the Recitation of the Nembutsu | |
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| Nichiren: Faith in the Lotus Sutra as the Exclusive National Buddhism | |
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| The Zen Sects: Enlightenment Through Meditation | |
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| Dogen: Sitting in Meditation | |
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| Zen: Institutional and Artistic Developments | |
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| The Development of Medieval Shinto | |
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| Medieval Buddhism and Medieval Shinto | |
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| The Relation of Tendai and Shingon to Medieval Shinto | |
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| Medieval Shinto: Individual Scholars and Family Traditions | |
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| The Appearance of Christianity in Japan | |
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| The Introduction of Christianity into Japan | |
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| The Japanese Acceptance of Christianity | |
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| The Expulsion of Christianity | |
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| The Significance of the Christian Century | |
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| The Five Traditions: Development and Mutual Influence | |
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| Formalism and Renewal in Japanese Religion | |
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| Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, and Restoration Shinto in the Tokugawa Period | |
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| The Tokugawa Government and Religion | |
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| Tokugawa Buddhism: State Patronage and Weakened Vitality | |
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| Neo-Confucianism: Political Stability and Social Conformity | |
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| Neo-Confucianism: The Development of Public and Private Ethics | |
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| Restoration Shinto: The Movement for a Purified Shinto | |
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| Motoori Norinaga and Restoration Shinto | |
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| The Meiji Restoration and State Shinto | |
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| The Political and Religious Significance of the Meiji Restoration | |
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| The Attempt to Restore Shinto as the Only Japanese Religion | |
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| The Establishment of Nonreligious Shrine Shinto | |
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| Japan as a Nation-State--Nationalism in World Perspective | |
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| Shrine Shinto as an Expression of Nationalism and Militarism | |
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| Religious Currents from 1868 to 1945 | |
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| Buddhism: The Quest for Renewal, Especially Within Buddhist Scholarship | |
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| Christianity: Strength and Weakness Since 1868 | |
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| The New Religions: New Variations from Old Traditions | |
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| The Fortunes of Religion 1868-1945: From Freedom of Religion to State Orthodoxy | |
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| Two New Religions: Tenrikyo and Soka Gakkai | |
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| The Many New Religions: Differences and Similarities | |
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| Tenrikyo: A Living Kami and a Joyous Life | |
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| Soka Gakkai: Faith in the Lotus Sutra and a Happy Life | |
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| The Significance of the New Religions: Old Wine in New Bottles | |
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| Religion in Postwar Japan | |
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| Shinto: Disestablishment and Popular Disfavor | |
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| Buddhism: The Continuing Quest for Renewal | |
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| Christianity: The Problems of Denominationalism | |
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| The Postwar Boom of New Religions | |
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| Religious Life in Contemporary Japan | |
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| Are the Japanese Religious? | |
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| Persistent Themes in Contemporary Japanese Religion | |
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| Approaches to Religious Change | |
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| Transformations of Religious Life in Contemporary Japan | |
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| Conclusion: the Challenge for Japanese Religion | |
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| Study Questions | |
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| Annotated Bibliography on Japanese Religion | |
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| Index | |