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Preface to the first edition | |
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Preface to the second edition | |
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Acknowledgements to the first edition | |
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Acknowledgements to the second edition | |
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Introduction | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Tectonics on a sphere: the geometry of plate tectonics | |
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Plate tectonics | |
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A flat Earth | |
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Rotation vectors and rotation poles | |
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Present-day plate motions | |
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Plate boundaries can change with time | |
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Triple junctions | |
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Absolute plate motions | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Past plate motions | |
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The role of the Earth's magnetic field | |
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Dating the oceanic plates | |
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Reconstruction of past plate motions | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Seismology Measuring the interior | |
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Waves through the Earth | |
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Earthquake seismology | |
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Refraction seismology | |
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Reflection seismology | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Gravity | |
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Introduction | |
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Gravitational potential and acceleration | |
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Gravity of the Earth | |
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The shape of the Earth | |
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Gravity anomalies | |
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Observed gravity and geoid anomalies | |
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Flexure of the lithosphere and the viscosity of the mantle | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Geochronology | |
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Introduction | |
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General theory | |
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Rubidium-strontium | |
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Uranium-lead | |
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Thorium-lead | |
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Potassium-argon | |
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Argon-argon | |
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Samarium-neodymium | |
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Fission-track dating | |
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The age of the Earth | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Heat | |
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Introduction | |
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Conductive heat flow | |
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Calculation of simple geotherms | |
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Worldwide heat flow: total heat loss from the Earth | |
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Oceanic heat flow | |
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Continental heat flow | |
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The adiabat and melting in the mantle | |
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Metamorphism: geotherms in the continental crust | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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The deep interior of the Earth | |
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The internal structure of the Earth | |
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Convection in the mantle | |
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The core | |
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References and bibliography | |
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The oceanic lithosphere: ridges, transforms, trenches and oceanic islands | |
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Introduction | |
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The oceanic lithosphere | |
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The deep structure of mid-ocean ridges | |
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The shallow structure of mid-ocean ridges | |
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Transform faults | |
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Subduction zones | |
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Oceanic islands | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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The continental lithosphere | |
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Introduction | |
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The growth of continents | |
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Sedimentary basins and continental margins | |
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Continental rift zones | |
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The Archaean | |
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Problems | |
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References and bibliography | |
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Scalars, vectors and differential operators | |
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Theory of elasticity and elastic waves | |
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Geometry of ray paths and inversion of earthquake body-wave time-distance curves | |
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The least-squares method | |
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The error function | |
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Units and symbols | |
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Numerical data | |
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The IASP91 Earth model | |
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The Preliminary Reference Earth Model, isotropic version - PREM | |