| |
| |
Preface to the second edition | |
| |
| |
Preface to the first edition | |
| |
| |
| |
Special relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
Fundamental principles of special relativity (SR) theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Definition of an inertial observer in SR | |
| |
| |
| |
New units | |
| |
| |
| |
Spacetime diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
Construction of the coordinates used by another observer | |
| |
| |
| |
Invariance of the interval | |
| |
| |
| |
Invariant hyperbolae | |
| |
| |
| |
Particularly important results | |
| |
| |
| |
The Lorentz transformation | |
| |
| |
| |
The velocity-composition law | |
| |
| |
| |
Paradoxes and physical intuition | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Appendix: The twin 'paradox' dissected | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Vector analysis in special relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
Definition of a vector | |
| |
| |
| |
Vector algebra | |
| |
| |
| |
The four-velocity | |
| |
| |
| |
The four-momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
Scalar product | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Photons | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Tensor analysis in special relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
The metric tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
Definition of tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
The (01) tensors: one-forms | |
| |
| |
| |
The (02) tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Metric as a mapping of vectors into one-forms | |
| |
| |
| |
Finally: (MN) tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Index 'raising' and 'lowering' | |
| |
| |
| |
Differentiation of tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Perfect fluids in special relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
Dust: the number-flux vector N | |
| |
| |
| |
One-forms and surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Dust again: the stress-energy tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
General fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
Perfect fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
Importance for general relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
Gauss' law | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Preface to curvature | |
| |
| |
| |
On the relation of gravitation to curvature | |
| |
| |
| |
Tensor algebra in polar coordinates | |
| |
| |
| |
Tensor calculus in polar coordinates | |
| |
| |
| |
Christoffel symbols and the metric | |
| |
| |
| |
Noncoordinate bases | |
| |
| |
| |
Looking ahead | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Curved manifolds | |
| |
| |
| |
Differentiable manifolds and tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Riemannian manifolds | |
| |
| |
| |
Covariant differentiation | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel-transport, geodesics, and curvature | |
| |
| |
| |
The curvature tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
Bianchi identities: Ricci and Einstein tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Curvature in perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Physics in a curved spacetime | |
| |
| |
| |
The transition from differential geometry to gravity | |
| |
| |
| |
Physics in slightly curved spacetimes | |
| |
| |
| |
Curved intuition | |
| |
| |
| |
Conserved quantities | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
The Einstein field equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Purpose and justification of the field equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Einstein's equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Einstein's equations for weak gravitational fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Newtonian gravitational fields | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Gravitational radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
The propagation of gravitational waves | |
| |
| |
| |
The detection of gravitational waves | |
| |
| |
| |
The generation of gravitational waves | |
| |
| |
| |
The energy carried away by gravitational waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Spherical solutions for stars | |
| |
| |
| |
Coordinates for spherically symmetric spacetimes | |
| |
| |
| |
Static spherically symmetric spacetimes | |
| |
| |
| |
Static perfect fluid Einstein equations | |
| |
| |
| |
The exterior geometry | |
| |
| |
| |
The interior structure of the star | |
| |
| |
| |
Exact interior solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
Realistic stars and gravitational collapse | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Schwarzschild geometry and black holes | |
| |
| |
| |
Trajectories in the Schwarzschild spacetime | |
| |
| |
| |
Nature of the surface r = 2M | |
| |
| |
| |
General black holes | |
| |
| |
| |
Real black holes in astronomy | |
| |
| |
| |
Quantum mechanical emission of radiation by black holes: the Hawking process | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Cosmology | |
| |
| |
| |
What is cosmology? | |
| |
| |
| |
Cosmological kinematics: observing the expanding universe | |
| |
| |
| |
Cosmological dynamics: understanding the expanding universe | |
| |
| |
| |
Physical cosmology: the evolution of the universe we observe | |
| |
| |
| |
Further reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary of linear algebra | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |