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| Preface | |
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| Symbols | |
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| Purposes and value of geophysical fluid dynamics | |
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| Fundamental dynamics | |
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| Fluid dynamics | |
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| Representations | |
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| Governing equations | |
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| Boundary and initial conditions | |
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| Energy conservation | |
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| Divergence, vorticity, and strain rate | |
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| Oceanic approximations | |
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| Mass and density | |
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| Momentum | |
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| Boundary conditions | |
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| Atmospheric approximations | |
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| Equation of state for an ideal gas | |
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| A stratified resting state | |
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| Buoyancy oscillations and convection | |
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| Hydrostatic balance | |
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| Pressure coordinates | |
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| Earth's rotation | |
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| Rotating coordinates | |
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| Geostrophic balance | |
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| Inertial oscillations | |
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| Barotropic and vortex dynamics | |
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| Barotropic equations | |
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| Circulation | |
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| Vorticity and potential vorticity | |
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| Divergence and diagnostic force balance | |
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| Stationary, inviscid flows | |
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| Vortex movement | |
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| Point vortices | |
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| Chaos and limits of predictability | |
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| Barotropic and centrifugal instability | |
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| Rayleigh's criterion for vortex stability | |
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| Centrifugal instability | |
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| Barotropic instability of parallel flows | |
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| Eddy-mean interaction | |
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| Eddy viscosity and diffusion | |
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| Emergence of coherent vortices | |
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| Two-dimensional turbulence | |
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| Rotating shallow-water and wave dynamics | |
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| Rotating shallow-water equations | |
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| Integral and parcel invariants | |
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| Linear wave solutions | |
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| Geostrophic mode | |
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| Inertia-gravity waves | |
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| Kelvin waves | |
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| Geostrophic adjustment | |
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| Gravity wave steepening: bores and breakers | |
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| Stokes drift and material transport | |
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| Quasigeostrophy | |
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| Rossby waves | |
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| Rossby-wave emission | |
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| Vortex propagation on the �-plane | |
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| Eastern boundary Kelvin wave | |
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| Baroclinic and jet dynamics | |
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| Layered hydrostatic model | |
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| Two-layer equations | |
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| N-layer equations | |
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| Vertical modes | |
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| Baroclinic instability | |
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| Unstable modes | |
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| Upshear phase tilt | |
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| Eddy heat flux | |
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| Effects on the mean flow | |
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| Turbulent baroclinic zonal jet | |
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| Posing the jet problem | |
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| Equilibrium velocity and buoyancy structure | |
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| Zonal momentum balance | |
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| Potential vorticity homogenization | |
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| Meridional overturning circulation and mass balance | |
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| Meridional heat balance | |
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| Maintenance of the general circulation | |
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| Rectification by Rossby-wave radiation | |
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| Boundary-layer and wind-gyre dynamics | |
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| Planetary boundary layer | |
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| Boundary-layer approximations | |
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| The shear boundary layer | |
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| Eddy-viscosity closure | |
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| Bottom Ekman layer | |
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| Oceanic surface Ekman layer | |
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| Vortex spin down | |
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| Turbulent Ekman layer | |
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| Oceanic wind gyre and western boundary layer | |
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| Posing the gyre problem | |
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| Interior and boundary-layer circulations | |
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| Application to real gyres | |
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| Turbulent baroclinic wind gyres | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |