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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Table of Conventions | |
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| Table of European Union Instruments | |
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| Table of IMO Resolutions and Guidelines | |
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| Table of Miscellaneous Instruments | |
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| Table of Domestic Legislation | |
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| Table of Cases (International Courts and Tribunals) | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| The Regulation of Vessel-Source Pollution in its Eco-Political Context | |
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| Vessel-Source Pollution, the Ecological Imperative and the Compliance Problem | |
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| Overview | |
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| Regulating the Sources of Marine Pollution | |
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| Whither the Freedom of Navigation? | |
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| Technical Issues and Jurisdiction over Ships | |
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| Outline of Analysis | |
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| The Dynamics of the Law-Making Process: Actors, Arenas and Interests | |
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| Overview | |
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| Key Actors in the Decision-Making Process | |
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| The Maritime Interests | |
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| The Shipowners and Operators | |
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| The Cargo Owners and Charterers | |
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| The Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs and the Marine Insurers | |
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| The Classification Societies | |
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| The Military Interests | |
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| The Flag States and Open Registries | |
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| States with Maritime Interests | |
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| The Coastal/Environmental Interests | |
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| The Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations | |
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| Public Opinion and Media Reaction | |
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| States with Coastal Interests | |
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| The Developing Countries | |
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| Major Arenas for Decision-Making | |
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| International Fora: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) | |
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| IMO's Initial Years | |
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| The Constitutive Structure of IMO | |
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| IMO and Maritime Conventions | |
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| International Fora - United Nations Bodies and Specialised Agencies | |
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| Regional Fora | |
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| Legal and Political Developments in Europe | |
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| Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) on Port State Control | |
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| Domestic Fora - Agitation Within States | |
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| Marine Pollution Regulation and the Interplay of Interests | |
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| The Relative Capacities of the Relevant Actors | |
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| The Contemporary Political Dynamics at IMO | |
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| Vessel-Source Pollution and the International Legislative Process | |
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| Vessel-Source Pollution and Regime Formation | |
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| Pollution Control Standards and Reception Facilities | |
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| Early Regulatory Efforts | |
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| The OILPOL Regime and the Load-On-Top (LOT) System | |
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| MARPOL 73 | |
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| Annex I and Segregated Ballast Tanks (SBTs) | |
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| Annexes II to V | |
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| MARPOL 73/78 and Crude Oil Washing (COW) | |
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| The Double Hull Requirement | |
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| The Exxon Valdez and the 1992 Amendments | |
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| The Erika and the 2001 Amendments | |
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| The Prestige and the 2003 Amendments | |
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| Air Pollution from Ships | |
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| Anti-Fouling Systems and Tributyl Tin (TBT) Contamination | |
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| Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Ballast Water Management | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Marine Pollution | |
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| The Concept of 'Jurisdiction' in Marine Pollution | |
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| Early Attempts to Extend Coastal State Jurisdiction | |
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| Jurisdiction under the MARPOL Regime | |
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| Prescriptive Jurisdiction under MARPOL 73 | |
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| Enforcement Jurisdiction under MARPOL 73 | |
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| The 1978 MARPOL Protocol | |
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| The 1982 UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) | |
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| The Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) and Part XII on the Marine Environment | |
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| The Allocation of State Jurisdiction under the LOSC | |
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| Flag State Jurisdiction | |
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| Coastal State Jurisdiction | |
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| Port State Jurisdiction | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Implementation and Compliance | |
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| Overview | |
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| Ratification, Incorporation into Domestic Law and Implementation | |
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| The Enforcement Obligations of States | |
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| Pollution Control Standards and State Enforcement Records | |
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| Discharge vs. Equipment Standards | |
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| State Enforcement of Pollution Control Standards | |
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| The Provision of Waste Reception Facilities in Ports | |
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| Reporting on Implementation Activities | |
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| Reporting on the Provision of Reception Facilities | |
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| Reporting on Enforcement Action | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Liability and Compensation | |
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| Overview | |
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| The 1969 Civil Liability Convention (CLC 69) | |
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| Developments Preceding CLC 69 | |
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| The 1969 Brussels Conference | |
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| The 1971 Fund Convention (FUND 71) | |
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| Developments Preceding FUND 71 | |
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| The 1971 FUND Conference | |
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| Amendments to TOVALOP/CRISTAL and CLC/FUND | |
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| Revising the Industry Initiatives | |
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| Developments Preceding the 1984 Conference | |
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| The 1984 IMO Conference | |
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| Further Revision of TOVALOP and CRISTAL | |
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| Liability and Compensation in the United States | |
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| The Exxon Valdez and Developments Preceding OPA-90 | |
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| Implications of OPA-90 | |
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| The 1992 Protocols to the CLC and FUND Conventions | |
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| Pollution by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) | |
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| Pollution by Bunker Fuel Oils | |
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| The Liability and Compensation Regimes: Concluding Analysis | |
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| The Future of Regulation | |
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| Challenges and Prescriptions | |
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| Improving Institutional Responses | |
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| Pro-active Rule-Making by IMO | |
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| Prompt Entry into Force for Conventions | |
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| Ensuring Effective Enforcement and Compliance | |
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| Market Discrimination Against Sub-standard Shipping | |
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| Liability of Non-Owner Interests | |
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| Return of the Developed State Flags | |
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| Tightening Flag State Obligations | |
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| Enhancing Port State Control | |
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| Enforcement Powers for IMO | |
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| Enhancing Equity in Representation and Responsibilities | |
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| Reforming IMO | |
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| Institutional and Financial Equity | |
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| Discipline in Agenda-Setting | |
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| States and the Provision of Reception Facilities | |
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| The Cargo Interests and Burden-Sharing | |
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| Shipowners and Intra-Industry Co-operation | |
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| Final Thoughts | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |