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| List of figures | |
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| List of tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Tallying and Counting: Fundamentals | |
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| Paleozoological Concepts | |
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| Mathematical and Statistical Concepts | |
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| Scales of Measurement | |
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| Measured and Target Variables: Reliability and Validity | |
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| Absolute and Relative Frequencies and Closed Arrays | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Background of Some Faunal Samples | |
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| Estimating Taxonomic Abundances: NISP and MNI | |
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| The Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) | |
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| Advantages of NISP | |
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| Problems with NISP | |
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| Problems, Schmoblems | |
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| A Problem We Should Worry About | |
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| The Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) | |
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| Strengths(?) of MNI | |
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| Problems with MNI | |
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| Aggregation | |
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| Defining Aggregates | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Which Scale of Measurement? | |
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| Resolution | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Estimating Taxonomic Abundances: Other Methods | |
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| Biomass and Meat Weight | |
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| Measuring Biomass | |
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| Problems with Measuring Biomass (based on MNI) | |
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| Solving Some Problems in Biomass Measurement | |
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| Measuring Meat Weight | |
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| The Weight Method (Skeletal Mass Allometry) | |
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| Bone Weight | |
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| Bone Size and Animal Size Allometry | |
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| Ubiquity | |
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| Matching and Pairing | |
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| More Pairs Means Fewer Individuals | |
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| The Lincoln-Petersen Index | |
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| Identifying Bilateral Pairs | |
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| Correcting for Various Things | |
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| Size | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Sampling, Recovery, and Sample Size | |
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| Sampling to Redundancy | |
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| Excavation Amount | |
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| NISP as a Measure of Sample Redundancy | |
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| Volume Excavated or NISP | |
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| The Influences of Recovery Techniques | |
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| Hand Picking Specimens by Eye | |
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| Screen Mesh Size | |
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| To Correct or Not to Correct for Differential Loss | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Species-Area Relationship | |
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| Species-Area Curves Are Not All the Same | |
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| Nestedness | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Measuring the Taxonomic Structure and Composition ("Diversity") of Faunas | |
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| Basic Variables of Structure and Composition | |
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| Indices of Structure and Similarity | |
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| Taxonomic Richness | |
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| Taxonomic Composition | |
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| Taxonomic Heterogeneity | |
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| Taxonomic Evenness | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Trends in Taxonomic Abundances | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Skeletal Completeness, Frequencies of Skeletal Parts, and Fragmentation | |
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| History of the MNE Quantitative Unit | |
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| Determination of MNE Values | |
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| MNE Is Ordinal Scale at Best | |
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| A Digression on Frequencies of Left and Right Elements | |
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| Using MNE Values to Measure Skeletal-Part Frequencies | |
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| Modeling and Adjusting Skeletal-Part Frequencies | |
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| Measuring Skeletal Completeness | |
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| A Suggestion | |
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| Measuring Fragmentation | |
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| Fragmentation Intensity and Extent | |
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| The NISP:MNE Ratio | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Tallying for Taphonomy: Weathering, Burning, Corrosion, and Butchering | |
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| Yet Another Quantitative Unit | |
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| Weathering | |
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| Chemical Corrosion and Mechanical Abrasion | |
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| Burning and Charring | |
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| A Digression | |
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| Gnawing Damage | |
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| Butchering Marks | |
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| Types of Butchering Damage | |
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| Tallying Butchering Evidence: General Comments | |
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| Tallying Percussion Damage | |
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| Tallying Cut Marks and Cut Marked Specimens | |
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| The Surface Area Solution | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Final Thoughts | |
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| Counting as Exploration | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |