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| List of contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| A brief history of medicine and statistics | |
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| What is evidence-based medicine? | |
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| Causation | |
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| The medical literature: an overview | |
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| Sarching the medical literature | |
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| Study design and strength of evidence | |
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| Instruments and measurements: precision and validity | |
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| Sources of bias | |
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| Review of basic statistics | |
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| Hypothesis testing | |
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| Type I errors and number needed to treat | |
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| Negative studies and Type II errors | |
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| Risk assessment | |
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| Adjustment and multivariate analysis | |
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| Randomized clinical trials | |
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| Scientific integrity and the responsible conduct of research | |
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| Applicability and strength of evidence | |
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| Communicating evidence to patients | |
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| Critical appraisal of qualitative research studies | |
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| An overview of decision making in medicine | |
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| Sources of error in the clinical encounter | |
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| The use of diagnostic tests | |
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| Utility and characteristics of diagnostic tests: likelihood ratios, sensitivity, and specificity | |
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| Bayes' theorem, predictive values, post-test probabilities, and interval likelihood ratios | |
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| Comparing tests and using ROC curves | |
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| Incremental gain and the threshold approach to diagnostic testing | |
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| Sources of bias and critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic tests | |
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| Screening tests | |
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| Practice guidelines and clinical prediction rules | |
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| Decision analysis and quantifying patient values | |
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| Cost-effectiveness analysis | |
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| Survival analysis and studies of prognosis | |
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| Meta-analysis and systematic reviews | |
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| Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations | |
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| Overview of critical appraisal | |
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| Commonly used statistical tests | |
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| Formulas | |
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| Proof of Bayes' theorem | |
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| Using balance sheets to calculate thresholds | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |