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| Preface to the second edition | |
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| Energy transformation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Distribution of energy | |
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| System and surroundings | |
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| Animal energy consumption | |
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| Carbon, energy, and life | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Internal energy | |
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| Work | |
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| The First Law in operation | |
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| Enthalpy | |
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| Standard state | |
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| Some examples from biochemistry | |
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| Heat capacity | |
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| Energy conservation in the living organism | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Entropy | |
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| Heat engines | |
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| Entropy of the universe | |
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| Isothermal systems | |
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| Protein denaturation | |
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| The Third Law and biology | |
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| Irreversibility and life | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Gibbs free energy - theory | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Equilibrium | |
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| Reversible processes | |
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| Phase transitions | |
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| Chemical potential | |
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| Effect of solutes on boiling points and freezing points | |
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| Ionic solutions | |
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| Equilibrium constant | |
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| Standard state in biochemistry | |
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| Effect of temperature on K[subscript eq] | |
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| Acids and bases | |
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| Chemical coupling | |
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| Redox reactions | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Gibbs free energy - applications | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle | |
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| Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis | |
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| Substrate cycling | |
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| Osmosis | |
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| Dialysis | |
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| Donnan equilibrium | |
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| Membrane transport | |
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| Enzyme-substrate interaction | |
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| Molecular pharmacology | |
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| Hemoglobin | |
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| Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) | |
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| DNA | |
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| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | |
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| Free energy of transfer of amino acids | |
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| Protein solubility | |
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| Protein stability | |
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| Protein dynamics | |
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| Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and life | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Statistical thermodynamics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Boltzmann distribution | |
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| Partition function | |
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| Analysis of thermodynamic data | |
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| Multi-state equilibria | |
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| Protein heat capacity functions | |
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| Cooperative transitions | |
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| "Interaction" free energy | |
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| Helix-coil transition theory | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Binding equilibria | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Single-site model | |
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| Multiple independent sites | |
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| Oxygen transport | |
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| Scatchard plots and Hill plots | |
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| Allosteric regulation | |
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| Proton binding | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Reaction kinetics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Rate of reaction | |
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| Rate constant and order of reaction | |
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| First-order and second-order reactions | |
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| Temperature effects | |
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| Collision theory | |
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| Transition state theory | |
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| Electron transfer kinetics | |
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| Enzyme kinetics | |
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| Inhibition | |
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| Reaction mechanism of lysozyme | |
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| Hydrogen exchange | |
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| Protein folding and pathological misfolding | |
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| Polymerization | |
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| Muscle contraction and molecular motors | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The frontier of biological thermodynamics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is energy? | |
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| The laws of thermodynamics and our universe | |
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| Thermodynamics of (very) small systems | |
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| Formation of the first biological macromolecules | |
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| Bacteria | |
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| Energy, information, and life | |
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| Biology and complexity | |
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| The Second Law and evolution | |
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| References and further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Appendices | |
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| General references | |
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| Biocalorimetry | |
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| Useful tables | |
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| BASIC program for computing the intrinsic rate of amide hydrogen exchange from the backbone of a polypeptide | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index of names | |
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| Subject index | |