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| Preface and Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction: Defining Strategy | |
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| What Is Strategy? | |
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| From Military Strategy to National Security Strategy | |
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| The Many Meanings of Strategy | |
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| The Characteristics of Foreign Affairs Strategy | |
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| Comprehensive | |
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| Long-Range | |
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| Means-Sensitive | |
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| Purposeful | |
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| Coherent | |
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| Interactive | |
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| Thinking about Foreign Affairs Strategy | |
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| Assess | |
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| The International Strategic Environment | |
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| Actors, System, and Structure | |
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| How the World Works | |
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| Geopolitics and the Balance of Power | |
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| Newton, Darwin, and Chaos | |
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| Interdependence, Globalization, and the Information Revolution | |
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| Evaluating Globalization | |
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| Internal Pressures | |
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| The Role of Ideas | |
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| Into the Subconscious | |
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| The Domestic Context for Strategy | |
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| Americans and Strategy | |
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| Splits and Shifts in Public Opinion | |
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| Stability and Structure in Public Opinion | |
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| Opinion, Parties, and Polarization | |
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| Strategy Begins at Home | |
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| The Domestic Context Since 9/11 | |
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| The Role of Contextual Assumptions | |
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| Analyze | |
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| Interests, Threats, and Opportunities | |
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| Categories of Interest | |
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| Defining Interests | |
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| Values and Standards of Judgment | |
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| Prioritizing Interests | |
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| Threats, Challenges, and Resistance | |
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| Interests and Threats | |
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| Threat-Based versus Opportunity-Based Strategies | |
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| Power and Influence | |
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| Power as Control over Resources | |
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| Latent or Potential Power | |
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| Actual or Mobilized Power | |
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| Absolute Power versus Relative Power | |
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| The Economics of American Power | |
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| Absolute Wealth and Relative Power | |
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| Concrete Power versus Perceptual Power | |
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| Power and American Strategy | |
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| Plan | |
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| The Instruments of State Power | |
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| Political Instruments: Negotiation | |
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| Political Instruments: International Organization | |
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| Political Instruments: International Law | |
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| Political Instruments: Alliances | |
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| Information Instruments: Public Diplomacy | |
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| Economic Instruments: Trade and Finance | |
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| Economic Instruments: Foreign Aid | |
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| Economic Instruments: Sanctions | |
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| Military Instruments: Persuasive Use of Force | |
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| Conclusion: Instrument Priorities | |
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| Linking Ends and Means | |
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| Influence Attempts, Impacts, and Success | |
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| A Spectrum of Generic Strategies | |
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| Designing a Foreign Affairs Strategy | |
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| Ends: Draw up a Preliminary List of Objectives | |
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| Means: Choose Instruments to Accomplish Objectives | |
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| Statecraft: Specify Ways of Using Instruments Conditionality | |
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| Secrecy | |
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| Breadth | |
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| Number | |
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| Order | |
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| Evaluating Courses of Action | |
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| Impact: Estimate How Courses of Action (COAs) Will Affect Recipients | |
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| Success: Estimate How Targets Will React | |
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| Cost: Evaluate Whether the Strategy Is Worth Its Cost | |
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| Risk: Consider that Things May Not Go As Planned | |
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| Coherence: Check Internal and External Compatibility of Ends, Means, and Ways | |
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| The Uses of Foreign Affairs Strategy | |
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| Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today | |
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| Modeling the Bush National Security Strategy | |
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| Critiquing the Bush Strategy | |
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| Assessing Today's Interests, Threats, and Opportunities | |
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| Domestic Support, Power, and Influence | |
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| Assembling Courses of Action | |
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| Security | |
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| Prosperity | |
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| Value Preservation and Projection | |
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| Evaluating Strategies for the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Definitions of Grand Strategy, National Security Strategy, and Statecraft | |
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| A Linear Design for Foreign Affairs Strategy | |
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| Index | |