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| Acknowledgments | |
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| List of abbreviations | |
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| What is peace? | |
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| Idealism and realism | |
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| New wars | |
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| Defining terms | |
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| What's in a word? | |
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| "Pacifist" Japan? | |
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| Latin American and African traditions | |
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| Pacifism and "just war" | |
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| An outline of peace history | |
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| An overview of peacemaking ideas | |
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| Movements | |
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| The first peace societies | |
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| Stirrings | |
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| Social origins and political agendas | |
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| Elihu Burritt: the learned blacksmith | |
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| The first peace congresses | |
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| The right of self-determination | |
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| Universalizing peace | |
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| The Hague Peace Conference | |
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| Not enough | |
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| Toward internationalism | |
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| Concepts and trends | |
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| The arbitration revolution | |
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| A League of Nations | |
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| Wilson's vision | |
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| The challenge of supporting the League | |
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| Outlawing war | |
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| Facing fascism | |
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| Peace movement reborn | |
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| Pledging war resistance | |
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| Revolutionary antimilitarism | |
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| The Peace Ballot | |
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| Against appeasement | |
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| Imperial failure | |
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| The neutrality debate | |
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| The emergency peace campaign | |
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| Losing Spain | |
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| The end of "pacifism" | |
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| Debating disarmament | |
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| Early reluctance | |
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| Disarmament to the fore | |
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| Challenging the "merchants of death" | |
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| The naval disarmament treaties | |
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| World disarmament conference | |
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| The collapse of disarmament | |
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| Disarmament at fault? | |
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| Confronting the cold war | |
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| Creating the United Nations | |
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| The rise of world federalism | |
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| Cold war collapse | |
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| Militarization and resistance in Japan | |
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| The leviathan | |
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| Speaking truth to power | |
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| Banning the bomb | |
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| The shock of discovery | |
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| Scientists organize | |
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| The Baruch plan | |
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| For nuclear sanity | |
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| The beginning of arms control | |
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| Nuclear pacifism in Japan | |
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| The rise of the nuclear freeze | |
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| God against the bomb | |
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| A prairie fire | |
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| Ferment in Europe | |
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| Who won? | |
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| Lessons from the end of the cold war | |
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| Refusing war | |
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| Vietnam: a triangular movement | |
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| Challenging presidents, constraining escalation | |
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| Social disruption and political costs | |
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| Resistance in the military | |
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| The rise of conscientious objection | |
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| The movement against war in Iraq | |
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| Winning while losing | |
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| Countering the "war on terror" | |
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| Themes | |
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| Religion | |
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| Eastern traditions | |
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| Study war no more | |
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| Salaam and jihad | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Anabaptists and Quakers | |
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| Tolstoy's anarchist pacifism | |
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| Social Christianity | |
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| Catholic peacemaking | |
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| Niebuhr's challenge | |
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| Beyond perfectionism | |
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| The nonviolent alternative | |
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| A force more powerful | |
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| Religious roots | |
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| Action for change | |
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| Coercion and nonviolence | |
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| The power of love | |
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| Spirit and method | |
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| Two hands | |
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| A tool against tyranny | |
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| Courage and strength | |
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| Democracy | |
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| Early voices | |
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| Democracy against militarism | |
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| Cobden: peace through free trade | |
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| Kant: the philosopher of peace | |
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| Human nature | |
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| For democratic control | |
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| The Kantian triad | |
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| The insights of feminism | |
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| Empowering women | |
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| Social justice | |
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| Socialism and pacifism: early differences | |
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| Convergence | |
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| The Leninist critique | |
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| Scientific pacifism | |
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| Peace through economic justice | |
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| The development-peace nexus | |
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| Development for whom? | |
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| Responsibility to protect | |
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| Bridging the cold war divide | |
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| War for democracy? | |
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| Opposing war, advancing freedom | |
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| Human rights and security | |
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| Debating Kosovo | |
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| The responsibility to protect | |
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| Peace operations | |
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| The challenge in Darfur | |
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| A moral equivalent | |
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| The belligerence of the masses | |
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| Peace and its discontents: the Einstein-Freud dialogue | |
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| Nonmilitary service | |
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| Nonviolent warriors | |
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| Transforming conflict | |
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| Human security service | |
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| Patriotic pacifism | |
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| Realizing disarmament | |
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| From nonproliferation to disarmament | |
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| The Canberra Commission | |
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| Sparking the debate | |
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| "Weapons of terror" | |
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| What is zero? | |
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| Realistic pacifism | |
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| Theory | |
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| Practice | |
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| Action | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |