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| List of illustrations | |
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| List of maps | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| List of abbreviations | |
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| The Carolingian family (simplified) | |
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| The children and grandchildren of Charlemagne | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The dawn of the Carolingian age | |
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| Was there a Carolingian world? | |
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| The sources for the Carolingian world | |
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| The creation of Carolingian kingship to 800 | |
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| Replacing the ruling dynasty | |
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| The Merovingian world and Carolingian origins | |
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| Charles Martel and the extension of Carolingian power | |
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| Securing Carolingian hegemony: Pippin III | |
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| Charlemagne as king | |
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| Belief and culture | |
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| The problem of Christianisation | |
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| The problem of sin | |
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| Christian leadership and learning | |
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| Inventing the Carolingian empire: politics and government, 800-840 | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The imperial coronation | |
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| Governing the empire | |
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| Dynastic politics, c.806-827 | |
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| Kingship and 'subkingship' | |
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| Revolt and recovery: dynastic politics 827-840 | |
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| Villages and villagers, land and landowners | |
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| Introduction: interpreting Carolingian society | |
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| Villages | |
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| Landowning and landowners | |
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| Community and mobility | |
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| Landlords and manors | |
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| The problem of economic growth | |
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| The powerful and the poor: social conflict in the Carolingian countryside | |
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| Conclusion: community and conflict | |
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| Elite society | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aristocratic identity: vocabulary, appearance and lifestyle | |
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| Aristocratic behaviour: upbringing, morality and culture | |
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| Aristocratic families | |
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| Aristocratic resources and relationships: honores, benefices and lordship | |
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| Exchange and trade: the Carolingian economy | |
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| Introduction: interpreting the Carolingian economy | |
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| Mechanisms of exchange | |
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| The North Sea economy | |
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| The transformation of the emporia: the ninth century | |
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| The Vikings and the Frankish economy | |
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| Italy and the Mediterranean economy | |
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| Conclusion: was there a Carolingian economy? | |
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| Sustaining the Carolingian empire: politics and government, 840-888 | |
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| Introduction: fraternal rivalry, 840-843 | |
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| Fraternal love, 843-877 | |
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| Government and resources | |
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| The end of the empire, 877-888 | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |